1985 Edition

Agriculture

food grains, feed crops, oilbearing crops, cattle, dairy products

Aid

obligations and loan authorizations, including Ex-Im (FY82), economic $11.2 billion, military (FY82) $4.2 billion

Airfields

15,422 in operation (1981)

Area

9,372,614 km2 (contiguous US plus Alaska and Hawaii); 32% forest; 27% grazing and pasture; 19% cultivated; 22% waste, urban, and other Water

Branches

executive (President), bicameral legislature (House of Representatives and Senate), and judicial (Supreme Court); branches, in principle, independent and maintain balance of power

Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (including Marine Corps), US Coast Guard, Department-of the Air Force

Budget

(1984) receipts, $666.5 billion; outlays, $841.8 billion; deficit, $175.3 billion

Capital

Washington, D.C.

Civil air

2,699 commercial multiengine transport aircraft, including 2,504 jet, 159 turboprop, 36 piston (1982)

Coastline

19,924 km People

660 km People

Crude steel

75.6 million metric tons produced (1983)

Elections

presidential, every four years(next November 1988); all members of the House of Representatives, every two years; onethird of members of the Senate, every two years Political parties and leaders: Republican Party, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., chairman; Democratic Party, Paul G. Kirk, Jr., chairman; several other groups or parties of minor political significance

Electric power

686,453,000 (public utilities only) kW capacity (1984); 2,651.569 billion (net) kWh produced (1984), 1 1.216 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

80% white; 1 1 % black; 6.2% Spanish origin; 1.6% Asian and Pacific Islander; 0.7% American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut (1980)

85-90% white, 5-10% mestizo, 3-5 black

Exports

$200.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, agricultural products Uruguay

Fiscal year

1 October-30 September Communications

Fishing

catch 4 million metric tons (1982); 13.0 Ib per capita consumption (1981); imports $4.173 billion (1981); exports $1.156 billion, (1981); est. value, $2.388 billion(1981)

Freight carried

rail — 1,430.0 million metric tons, 1,175.0 billion metric ton/km (1982); highways — 830.05 billion metric ton/km (1982); inland water freight (excluding Great Lakes traffic) — 512.0 million metric tons, 312.24 billion metric ton/km (1982); air — 9,500 million metric ton/km (1982)

GNP

(September 1983 prelim, seasonally adjusted at annual rates) $3,363.3 billion; (September 1983 prelim., seasonally adjusted at annual rates) $2,186.5 billion (65%) personal consumption, $501.0 billion (14.9%) private investment, $701.8 billion (20.9%) government, — $25.9 billion ( — .07%) net exports; $14,300 per capita; annual growth rate 6.8% (1984)

Government leaders

Ronald REAGAN, President (since January 1981); George BUSH, Vice President (since January 1981)

Highways

6,198,994 km, including 88,641 km expressways (1981)

Imports

$269.9 billion (c.i.f., 1983); crude and partly refined petroleum, machinery, transport equipment (mainly new automobiles)

Inland waterways

est. 41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes

Labor force

115.786 million (includes 2.208 million members of the armed forces in the US); unemployment rate 7.2% (1985); 10.41 1 million unemployed (January 1984)

about 1.28 million (1981); 19% manufacturing; 19% government; 16% agriculture; 12% commerce; 12% utilities,

Land boundaries

1,352 km Water

Language

predominantly English; sizable Spanish-speaking minority

Spanish

Legal system

based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

3 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

200 nm (fishing 200 nm; overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nm)

Literacy

99.5% of total population 15 years or older

94.3%

Major trade partners

exports — $33.72 billion Canada, $20.966 billion Japan, $11.816 billion Mexico, $10.644 billion UK, $9.291 billion FRG (1982); imports— $46.476 billion Canada, $37.743 billion Japan, $15.565 billion Mexico, $13.094 billion UK, $11.974 billion FRG (1982)

Member of

ADB, ANZUS, Bank of International Settlements, CCC, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, Group of Ten, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICEM, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, PAHO, SPC, UN, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

$205.0 billion (1983); $231.0 billion (1984 est.); $264.4 billion (1985 proj.); 29.1% of central government budget (planned, 1985) '<*, _MONTE VIDEO Sec re|ionil map IV Land 176,215 km2; the size of Washington; 84% agricultural (73% pasture, 11% crop); 16% forest, urban, waste, and other

Military manpower

2,116,800 total; 790,800, army; 581,000, air force; 553,000, navy; 192,000, marines (1982)

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 July

Nationality

noun — Uruguayan(s); adjective— Uruguayan

Official name

United States of America

Organized labor

approximately 17.4 million members; 18.8% of civilian labor force (1984) Government

Pipelines

petroleum, 278,035 km (1981); natural gas, 418,018 km (1981)

Political subdivisions

50 states and the District of Columbia; dependencies include Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake and Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and Kingman Reef; under UN trusteeship Caroline, Marshall, and Northern Mariana Islands

Population

238,848,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9%

2,936,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.3%

Ports

44 handling 10.9 million metric tons or more per year

Railroads

270,312 km (1981)

Religion

total membership in religious bodies 134.8 million; Protestant 73.479 million, Roman Catholic 50.45 million, Jewish 5.92 million, other religions 4.968 million (1982)

66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 30% nonprofessing or other

Suffrage

all citizens over age 18, not compulsory

Telecommunications

182,558,000 telephones (791 telephones per l,000popl.)i 4,689 AM, 3,380 FM, 1,132 TV broadcast stations; 477 million radio and 142 million TV receivers (1982) Defense Forces

Type

federal republic; strong democratic tradition

Voting strength

40% voter participation (1982 congressional election); 53.9% voter participation (1984 presidential election) Republican Party (Ronald Reagan), 59% of the popular vote (525 electoral votes); Democratic Party (Walter Mondale), 41% (13 electoral votes) Communist*: Communist Party membership, claimed 15,000-20,000(1983); general secretary, Gus Hall; in the 1980 presidential election the Communist Party candidate received 43,896 votes; Socialist Workers Party membership, claimed 1,800; national secretary, Jack Barnes; in the 1980 presidential election, the Socialist Workers Party candidate received 48,650 votes