1983 Edition

Agriculture

main products — livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products, feedgrains, oilseeds, tobacco; food shortages— fresh fruits and vegetables

food grains, feed crops, oilbearing crops, cattle, dairy products

Aid

economic — (received US, $1.8 billion Ex-Im Bank, FY70-81); Canada commitments to LDCs, bilateral ODA and OOF, $16 billion (1970-81)

obligations and loan authorizations, including Ex-Im (FY82), economic $11.2 billion, military (FY82) $4.2 billion

Airfields

1,652 total, 1,398 usable; 369 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 30 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 328 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

570 total, 349 usable; 246 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 39 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 139 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

15,422 in operation (1981)

Area

9,971,500 km2; 44% forest; 42% waste or urban; 8% inland water; 4% cultivated; 2% meadow and pasture

Branches

federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament (282 seats) consisting of Queen represented by Governor General, Senate, and House of Commons; judges appointed by Governor General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal

Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Canadian Forces Europe, Training Command

Royal Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Marines

executive (President), bicameral legislature (House of Representatives and Senate), and judicial (Supreme Court); branches, in principle, independent and maintain balance of power

Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (including Marine Corps), US Coast Guard, Department of the Air Force

Budget

total revenues $52.275 billion; current expenditures $68.575 billion; gross capital expenditure $2.064 billion; budget deficit $16.607 billion (1982; National Accounts Basis)

(1983) receipts $600.6 billion, outlays $796.0 billion, deficit $195.4 billion; (1984 est.) receipts $670.1 billion, outlays $853.8 billion, deficit $183.7 billion; (1985 proj.) receipts $745.1 billion, outlays $925.5 billion, deficit $180.4 billion

Capital

Ottawa

Washington, D.C.

Civil air

635 major transport aircraft

581 major transport aircraft

2,699 commercial multiengine transport aircraft, including 2,504 jet, 159 turboprop, 36 piston (1982)

Coastline

90,908 km People

19,924 km People

Communists

approx. 2,000

Communist Party membership, claimed 15,000-20,000(1983); general secretary, Gus Hall; in the 1980 presidential election the Communist Party candidate received 43,896 votes; Socialist Workers Party membership, claimed 1,800; national secretary, Jack Barnes; in the 1980 presidential election, the Socialist Workers Party candidate received 48,650 votes

Crude steel

11.8 million metric tons produced (1982)

65.7 million metric tons produced (1982)

Elections

legal limit of five years; but in practice usually held within four years; last election February 1980; voter turnout, 72% Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive Conservative, Brian Mulroney; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent

presidential, every four years (next November 1984); all members of the House of Representatives, every two years; onethird of members of the Senate, every two years Political parties and leaders: Republican Party, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., chairman; Democratic Party, Charles T. Manatt, chairman; several other groups or parties of minor political significance

Electric power

89,937,000 kW capacity (1983); 412.717 billion kWh produced (1983), 16,585 kWh per capita

670,442,000 (public utilities only) kW capacity (1983); 2,446.350 billion (net) kWh produced (1983), 10,455 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

45% British Isles origin, 29% French origin, 23% other European, 1.5% indigenous Indian and Eskimo

80% white; 11% black; 6.2% Spanish origin; 1.6% Asian and Pacific Islander; 0.7% American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut (1980)

Exports

$70.461 billion (f.o.b., 1982; principal items — transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Canada (continued) Cape Verde

$212.274 billion (f.o.b., 1982); machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, and agricultural products

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

1 October-30 September Communications

Fishing

catch 1.39 million metric tons (1979)

catch 3.767 billion metric tons (1981); 13.0 Ib per capita consumption (1981); imports $4.173 billion (1981); exports $1.156 billion, ( 1981 ); est. value, $2.388 billion (1981 )

Freight carried

rail — 1,430.0 million metric tons, 1,175.0 billion metric ton/km (1982); highways — 830.05 billion metric ton/km (1982); inland water freight (excluding Great Lakes traffic) — 512.0 million metric tons, 312.24 billion metric ton/km (1982); air— 9,500 million metric ton/km (1982)

GNP

$288.8 billion (1982 in 1982 prices), $11,725 per capita (1982); 59% consumption, 22% investment, 22% government, 0.4% net foreign trade; —3% change in inventories; real growth rate 1.8% (1976-82)

(September 1983 prelim, seasonally adjusted at annual rates) $3,363.3 billion; (September 1983 prelim., seasonally adjusted at annual rates) $2,186.5 billion (65%) personal consumption, $501.0 billion (14.9%) private investment, $701.8 billion (20.9%) government, —$25.9 billion (—.07%) net exports; $12,530 per capita; annual growth rate 3.3% (1983) and 4.4% (1984 proj.)

Government leaders

Pierre Elliott TRUDEAU, Prime Minister; Jeanne SAUVE, Governor General

Ronald REAGAN, President; George BUSH, Vice President

Highways

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

United Kingdom, 362,982 km total; Great Britain, 339,483 km paved (including 2,573km limitedaccess divided highway); Northern Ireland, 23,499 km (22,907 paved, 592 km gravel)

6,198,994 km, including 88,641 km expressways (1981)

Imports

$55.044 billion (f.o.b., 1982); principal items — transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables

$243.951 billion (c.i.f., 1982); crude and partly refined petroleum, machinery, and transport equipment (mainly new automobiles)

Inland waterways

3,000 km

3,219 km publicly owned; 605 km major commercial routes

est. 41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes

Labor force

12.2 million (December 1983); 68% services (37% government, 23% trade and finance, 8% transportation), 18% manufacturing, 6% construction, 4% agriculture, 5% other; 11.9% unemployment (1983 average); 11.1% unemployment (December 1983)

115.786 million (includes 2.208 million members of the armed forces in the US); average unemployment rate 9.6% (1983); current unemployment rate 8.1% (December 1983); 10.411 million unemployed (January 1984)

Land boundaries

9,010 km Water

Language

English and French official

predominantly English; sizable Spanish-speaking minority

Legal system

based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution as of 1982 (formerly British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on Eng'ish common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm)

3 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Literacy

99%

99.5% of total population 15 years or older

Major industries

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

Major trade partners

69% US, 9% EC, 5% Japan (1981)

exports — $33.72 billion Canada, $20.966 billion Japan, $11.816 billion Mexico, $10.644 billion UK, $9.291 billion FRG (1982); imports— $46.476 billion Canada, $37.743 billion Japan, $15.565 billion Mexico, $13.094 billion UK, $11.974 billion FRG (1982)

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, FAQ, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, PAHO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

ADB, ANZUS, Bank of International Settlements, CCC, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, Group of Ten, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICEM, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, PAHO, SPC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984 the proposed defense budget is $6.4 billion; about 9.3% of central gevernment budget

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $24.1 billion; about 19.7% of central government budget This "Factsheet" on the US is provided solely as a service to those wishing to make rough comparisons of foreign country data with a US "yardstick. " Information is from US open sources and publications and in no sense represents estimates by the US Intelligence Community. Land 9,372,614 km2 (contiguous US plus Alaska and Hawaii); 32% forest; 27% grazing and pasture; 19% cultivated; 22% waste, urban, and other Water

$205.0 billion (1983); $231.0billion (1984 est.); $264.4 billion (1985 proj.); 29.1% of central government budget (planned, 1985)

Military manpower

males 15-49, 6,945,000; 5,943,000 fit for military service; 195,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 14,034,000; 11,902,000 fit for military service; no conscription

2,116,800 total; 790,800, army; 581,000, air force; 553,000, navy; 192,000, marines (1982)

Monetary conversion rate

there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0. 76-1.04 in value; 1.247 C$=US $1 (22 December 1983)

National holiday

Canada Day, 1 July

Independence Day, 4 July

Nationality

noun — Canadian(s); adjective — Canadian

Official name

Canada

United States of America

Organized labor

33% of labor force Government

approximately 15 million members; 15% of civilian labor force (1983 est.) Government

Pipelines

oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km

933 km crude oil, almost all insignificant; 2,907 km refined products; 1,770 km natural gas

petroleum, 278,035 km (1981); natural gas, 418,018 km (1981)

Political subdivisions

1 0 provinces and 2 territories

50 states, the District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake and Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and Kingman Reef; under UN trusteeship Caroline, Marshall, and Northern Mariana Islands

Population

25,142,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.0%

236,413,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.9%

Ports

13 major, numerous minor

9 major, 15 secondary, 190 minor

44 handling 10.9 million metric tons or more per year

Railroads

66,372 km total; 65,096 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 63 km electrified; 1,131 km 1.067-meter gauge (in Newfoundland); 145 km 0.914-meter gauge

270,312 km (1981)

Religion

46% Roman Catholic, 18% United Church, 12% Anglican

total membership in religious bodies 134.8 million; Protestant 73.479 million, Roman Catholic 50.45 million, Jewish 5.92 million, other religions 4.968 million (1982)

Shortages

rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments

Suffrage

universal over age 18

all citizens over age 18, not compulsory

Telecommunications

excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 16.2 million telephones (67.1 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage, including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 500 TV stations; 6 coaxial submarine cables; 3 satellite stations with total of 5 antennas and 100 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

modern, efficient domestic and international system, 27.8 million telephones (49.7 per 100 popl.); excellent countrywide broadcast; 100 AM, 317 FM, and 1,784 TV stations; 33 coaxial submarine cables; 2 earth satellite stations with a total of 6 antennas Defense Forces

182,558,000 telephones (791 telephones per 1,000 popl.); 4,689 AM, 3,380 FM, and 1,132 TV broadcast stations; 477 million radio and 142 million TV receivers (1982) Defense Forces

Type

federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign

federal republic; strong democratic tradition

Voting strength

(1980 election) Liberal, 44%; Progressive Conservative, 33%; New Democratic Party, 20%; parliamentary seats as of January 1984 — Liberal (147), Progressive Conservative (102), New Democratic Party (31), independent (1), vacant (1)

40% voter participation (1982 congressional election); 53.9% voter participation (1980 presidential election>— Republican Party (Ronald Reagan), 50% of the popular vote (489 electoral votes); Democratic Party (Jimmy Carter), 42% (42 United States (continued) electoral votes); John Anderson (third-line candidate), 6% (no electoral votes); other, 2% (no electoral votes)