1995 Edition

Area

total area: 236,040 sq km land area: 199,710 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Environment

current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification

International disputes

none

Irrigated land

90 sq km (1989 est.)

Land boundaries

total 2,698 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km

Land use

arable land: 23% permanent crops: 9% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 30% other: 13%

Location

Eastern Africa, west of Kenya

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none; landlocked

Natural resources

copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Note

landlocked

Terrain

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Age structure

0-14 years: 49% (female 4,792,164; male 4,834,757) 15-64 years: 49% (female 4,802,650; male 4,704,159) 65 years and over: 2% (female 215,648; male 223,884) (July 1995 est.)

Birth rate

48.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate

24.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Ethnic divisions

Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European, Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%

Infant mortality rate

112.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Labor force

4.5 million (est.) by occupation: agriculture over 80%

Languages

English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 36.58 years male: 36.26 years female: 36.91 years (1995 est.)

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 56% male: 68% female: 45%

Nationality

noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan

Net migration rate

NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Zaire, Sudan, and Rwanda; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 8,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home

Population

19,573,262 (July 1995 est.)

Population growth rate

2.25% (1995 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%

Total fertility rate

6.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Administrative divisions

39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sototi, Tororo

Capital

Kampala

Constitution

8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision

Digraph

UG

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416

Executive branch

chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Dr. Specioza Wandira KAZIBWE (since 18 November 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president

FAX

[1] (202) 726-1727

[256] (41) 259794

Flag

six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side

Independence

9 October 1962 (from UK)

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal, High Court

Legal system

government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch

unicameral

Member of

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Names

conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda

National holiday

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

National Resistance Council

elections last held 28 March 1993 (next to be held end of 1995); results - 284 non-partisan delegates elected to an interim Constituent Assembly with the principal task of writing a final draft of a new constitution for Uganda on the basis of which a regular Constituent Assembly will be elected note: first free and fair election in 30 years is to be held by end of 1995

Other political or pressure groups

Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); Ruwenzori Movement

Political parties and leaders

only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI note: Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party (DP), Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party (CP), Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI continue to exist but are all proscribed from conducting public political activities

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Type

republic

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission: Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK embassy: Parliament Avenue, Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

Agriculture

mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food

Budget

revenues: $365 million expenditures: $545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1989 est.)

Currency

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Economic aid

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million

Electricity

capacity: 160,000 kW production: 780 million kWh consumption per capita: 32 kWh (1993)

Exchange rates

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,195 (December 1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1.133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989)

Exports

$237 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: coffee 97%, cotton, tea partners: US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%

External debt

$2.9 billion (1993 est.)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

Imports

$696 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food partners: Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%

Industrial production

growth rate 1.5% (1992); accounts for 5% of GDP

Industries

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5% (1994 est.)

National product

GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion (1994 est.)

National product per capita

$850 (1994 est.)

National product real growth rate

6% (1994 est.)

Overview

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security. The economy again prospered in 1994 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs.

Unemployment rate

NA%

Radio

broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA

Telephone system

NA telephones; fair system local: NA intercity: microwave and radio communications stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station

Television

broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA

Airports

total: 29 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 9 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 6 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9

Highways

total: 26,200 km paved: 1,970 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 5,849 km; earth, tracks 18,381 km

Inland waterways

Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria

Merchant marine

total: 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/NA DWT

Ports

Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Railroads

total: 1,300 km single track narrow gauge: 1,300 km 1.000-m-gauge

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Wing

Defense expenditures

exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.7% of budget (FY93/94) ________________________________________________________________________ UKRAINE

Manpower availability

males age 15-49 4,231,019; males fit for military service 2,298,654 (1995 est.)