1986 Edition

Agriculture

main products — cotton, tobacco, cereals, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, and livestock products; self-sufficient in food in average years; an illegal producer of opium poppy for the international drug trade

Airfields

29 total, 27 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force

executive — President empowered to call new elections, promulgate laws (elected for a seven-year term); unicameral legislature (400-member Grand National Assembly); independent judiciary

Budget

(1985 prelim.) total revenues, $3.04 billion; operating budget, $2.5 billion; capital budget, $1.2 billion

Capital

Ankara

Civil air

19 major transport aircraft

Coastline

7,200 km People

Communists

strength and support negligible

Crude steel

3.0 million tons produced (1984)

Elections

according to the 1982 Constitution, elections to the Grand National Assembly to be held every five years; most recent election 6 November 1983 Political parties and leaders: military leaders banned all traditional parties from taking part in the parliamentary election of November 1983 and banned many prominent party leaders from taking part in politics for five to 10 years; three new parties allowed to take part in the election — Motherland Party (ANAP), Turgut Ozal; Populist Party (PP), Necdet Calp; Nationalist Democracy Party (NDP), Ulk Soylemezoglu; additional parties permitted to take part in local elections in March 1984 — Social Democratcy Party (SODEP), Erdal inon; Correct Way Party Turkey (continued) (CWP), Husamettin Cinderuk; SODEP and PP merged in 1985 to form the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) under Aydin Gr"kan; Democratic Left Party (DLP) founded in 1985 under Rahsan Ecevit;

Electric power

8,685,500 kW capacity (1985); 34.238 billion kWh produced (1985), 667 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

85% Turkish, 12% Kurd, 3% other

Exports

$7,134 million (f.o.b., 1984); cotton, tobacco, fruits, nuts, metals, livestock products, textiles, clothing, cement, leather, glass, ceramics

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$50.0 billion (1984), $990 per capita; 5.9% real growth 1983, 4.6% average annual real growth 1974-84

Government leaders

Gen. Kenan EVREN, President (since 1982); Turgut OZAL, Prime Minister (since 1983)

Highways

17,700 km total; 9,100 km bituminous; 8,600 km improved and unimproved earth

Imports

$10,757 million (c.i.f., 1984); crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, metals, Pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, rubber, mineral fuels, fertilizers, chemicals

Infant mortality rate

15.3/1,000(1984)

Labor force

18. 1 million (1984); 58.8% agriculture, 27.5% service, 11.9% industry and commerce; 16.5% surplus of unskilled labor (1984); about 1 million Turks work abroad (1983)

Land boundaries

2,574 km Water

Language

Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic

Legal system

derived from various continental legal systems; constitution adopted in November 1982; legal education at Universities of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Life expectancy

57

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

6 nm, except in Black and Mediterranean Seas, where it is 12 nm

Literacy

70%

Major industries

textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum

Major trade partners

(1984) exports — 17.9% FRG, 13.1% Iraq, 10.5% Iran, 7.0% Italy, 5.3% Saudi Arabia; imports — 14.3% Iran, 10.9% FRG, 9.9% US, 8.7% Iraq, 6.1%

Member of

ASSIMER, Council of Europe, EC (associate member), ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB — Islamic Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OECD, QIC, Economic Cooperation Organization, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $284 million; 7.4% of central government budget 400km Black Sea Mediterranean Sea S« refionil mip VI Land 780,576 km2; twice the size of California; 35% crop, 25% meadow and pasture, 23% forest, 17% other

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,794,000; 1,002,000 fit for military service; about 84,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

0.80 Tunisian dinar (TD)=US$1 (30 October 1985)

National holiday

Republic Day, 29 October

Nationality

noun — Turk(s); adjective — Turkish

Natural resources

antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, oil

Official name

Republic of Turkey

Organized labor

10-15% of labor force Government

Pipelines

797 km crude oil; 86 km refined products; 742 km natural gas

Political subdivisions

67 provinces

Population

51,819,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.3%

Ports

5 major, 14 minor; 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants terminal

Railroads

2,089 km total; 503 1.435-meter km standard gauge; 1,586 km 1.000-meter gauge, 18 km 1.000-meter gauge double track

Religion

98% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 2% other (mostly Christian and Jewish)

Suffrage

universal over age 21

Telecommunications

the system is above the African average; facilities consist of open-wire lines, multiconductor cable, and radio relay; key centers are §af§qis, Susah, Bizerte, and TQnis; 232,000 telephones (3.4 per 100 popl.); 18 AM, 4 FM, 14 TV stations; 4 submarine cables; ARABSAT satellite back-up control station under construction; coaxial cable to Algeria; radio-relay to Algeria, Libya, and Italy Defense Forces

Type

republican parliamentary democracy

Voting strength

(1983 election) Grand National Assembly — Motherland Party, 211 seats; Populist Party, 117 seats; Nationalist Democracy Party, 71 seats; as of end of 1985, Grand National Assembly— Motherland Party, 207 seats; Social Democratic Populist Party, 82 seats; National Democracy Party, 53 seats; Democratic Left Party, 4 seats; independents, 46 seats; vacant, 8 seats