2024 Edition Primary

Background

First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' sugar industry. Contract workers arriving from India between 1845 and 1917 augmented the labor force, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export that remains the country's dominant industry. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. The government is struggling to reverse a surge in violent crime.

Area

land

5,128 sq km

total

5,128 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Delaware

Climate

tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Coastline

362 km

Elevation

highest point

El Cerro del Aripo 940 m

lowest point

Caribbean Sea 0 m

mean elevation

83 m

Geographic coordinates

11 00 N, 61 00 W

Geography - note

Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt

Irrigated land

70 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total

0 km

Land use

agricultural land

10.6% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 1.4% (2018 est.)

forest

44% (2018 est.)

other

45.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

note

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms

Natural resources

petroleum, natural gas, asphalt

Population distribution

population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half

Terrain

mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

Age structure

0-14 years

18.7% (male 134,508/female 129,180)

15-64 years

67.2% (male 481,606/female 465,150)

65 years and over

14.1% (2024 est.) (male 92,146/female 106,376)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

2.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

2.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

5.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

10.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

NA

Current health expenditure

7.3% of GDP (2020)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

48.6% (2023 est.)

Death rate

8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

16.8

potential support ratio

7.4 (2021 est.)

total dependency ratio

43.7

youth dependency ratio

29.3

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: NA

improved: total

total: 100% of population

improved: urban

urban: NA

unimproved: rural

rural: NA

unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: NA

Education expenditures

4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups

East Indian 35.4%, African descent 34.2%, mixed - other 15.3%, mixed - African/East Indian 7.7%, other 1.3%, unspecified 6.2% (2011 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.8 (2024 est.)

Hospital bed density

3 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Infant mortality rate

female

13 deaths/1,000 live births

male

17.1 deaths/1,000 live births

total

15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

Languages

English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese

Life expectancy at birth

female

78.4 years

male

74.6 years

total population

76.5 years (2024 est.)

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

98.7% (2015)

male

99.2%

total population

99%

Major urban areas - population

545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

27 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Median age

female

39 years

male

38 years

total

38.5 years (2024 est.)

Nationality

adjective

Trinidadian, Tobagonian

note

note: Trinbagonian is used on occasion to describe a citizen of the country without specifying the island of origin

noun

Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)

Net migration rate

-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

18.6% (2016)

Physician density

4.48 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Population

female

700,706 (2024 est.)

male

708,260

total

1,408,966

Population distribution

population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half

Population growth rate

0.1% (2024 est.)

Religions

Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: NA

improved: total

total: 99.9% of population

improved: urban

urban: NA

unimproved: rural

rural: NA

unimproved: total

total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: NA

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.87 male(s)/female

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

total population

1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.63 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

53.4% of total population (2023)

Administrative divisions

9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando ward: Tobago

Capital

etymology

the name dates to the period of Spanish colonial rule (16th to late 18th centuries) when the city was referred to as "Puerto de Espana"; the name was anglicized following the British capture of Trinidad in 1797

geographic coordinates

10 39 N, 61 31 W

name

Port of Spain

time difference

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

yes

citizenship by descent only

yes

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

8 years

Constitution

amendments

proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president; amended many times, last in 2007

history

previous 1962; latest 1976

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

conventional short form

Trinidad and Tobago

etymology

explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island "La Isla de la Trinidad" (The Island of the Trinity) on 31 July 1498 on his third voyage; the tobacco grown and smoked by the natives of the smaller island or its elongated cigar shape may account for the "tobago" name, which is spelled "tobaco" in Spanish

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Candace A. BOND (since 8 December 2022)

email address and website

ptspas@state.govhttps://tt.usembassy.gov/

embassy

15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain

FAX

(868) 822-5905

mailing address

3410 Port of Spain Place, Washington DC  20521-3410

telephone

(868) 622-6371

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036-1975

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Venessa RAMHIT-RAMROOP (since 3 March 2024)

consulate(s) general

Miami, New York

email address and website

embdcinfo@foreign.gov.tthttps://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/

FAX

[1] (202) 785-3130

telephone

[1] (202) 467-6490

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament

chief of state

President Christine KANGALOO (since 20 March 2023)

election results

2023: Christine KANGALOO elected president by the electoral college on 20 January 2023; electoral college vote  Christine KANGALOO (PNM) 48, Israel KHAN (UNC) 222018: Paula-Mae WEEKES (independent) elected president; ran unopposed and was elected without a vote; she was Trinidad and Tabago's first female head of state

elections/appointments

president indirectly elected by an electoral college of selected Senate and House of Representatives members for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 January 2023 (next to be held by February 2028); the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister

head of government

Prime Minister Keith ROWLEY (since 9 September 2015)

Flag description

red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side; the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white symbolizes the sea surrounding the islands, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red symbolizes the warmth and energy of the sun, the vitality of the land, and the courage and friendliness of its people

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

31 August 1962 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges); note - Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65

subordinate courts

Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court

Legal system

English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court

Legislative branch

description

bicameral Parliament consists of:Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the president, and 6 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms;)House of Representatives (42 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and the house speaker - usually designated from outside Parliament; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - PNM 16, UNC 6, independent 9; composition - men 19, women 13, percentage women 40.6%House of Representatives - percent by party - NA; seats by party - PNM 23, UNC 19; composition - men 30, women 12, percentage women 28.6%; total Parliament percentage women 33.8%

elections

Senate - last appointments on 28 August 2020 (next appointments in August 2025)House of Representatives - last held on 10 August 2020 (next to be held in 2025)

note

note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (19 seats; 15 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councilors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)

National anthem

lyrics/music

Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE

name

"Forged From the Love of Liberty"

note

note: adopted 1962; song originally created to serve as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; adopted by Trinidad and Tobago following the Federation's dissolution in 1962

National holiday

Independence Day, 31 August (1962)

National symbol(s)

scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad), cocrico (bird of Tobago), Chaconia flower; national colors: red, white, black

Political parties

People's National Movement or PNMUnited National Congress or UNCTobago People’s Party or Tobago

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agricultural products

chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, plantains, maize, eggs, oranges, tomatoes, bananas (2022)

note

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

expenditures

$7.822 billion (2019 est.)

note

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$5.698 billion (2019 est.)

Credit ratings

Moody's rating

Ba1 (2017)

note

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

Standard & Poors rating

BBB- (2020)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2020

-$1.356 billion (2020 est.)

Current account balance 2021

$2.695 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

$5.382 billion (2022 est.)

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund

Exchange rates

Currency

Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2019

6.754 (2019 est.)

Exchange rates 2020

6.751 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

6.759 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

6.754 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

6.75 (2023 est.)

Exports

Exports 2020

$6.44 billion (2020 est.)

Exports 2021

$11.542 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$17.584 billion (2022 est.)

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

ammonia, natural gas, crude petroleum, acyclic alcohols, fertilizers (2022)

note

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

US 35%, Belgium 6%, Morocco 5%, Spain 4%, Brazil 4% (2022)

note

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

45.4% (2017 est.)

government consumption

16.4% (2017 est.)

household consumption

78.9% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services

-48.7% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital

19.8% (2021 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

1.1% (2022 est.)

industry

48.9% (2022 est.)

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

services

47.8% (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$28.14 billion (2023 est.)

note

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Imports

Imports 2020

$6.785 billion (2020 est.)

Imports 2021

$8.636 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$10.694 billion (2022 est.)

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, iron ore, cars, plastic products, excavation machinery (2022)

note

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

US 40%, China 9%, Italy 7%, Brazil 4%, Canada 3% (2022)

note

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

3.18% (2022 est.)

note

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021

2.06% (2021 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

5.83% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

4.63% (2023 est.)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

681,000 (2023 est.)

note

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

20% (2014 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2017

41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021

$42.157 billion (2021 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$42.781 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$43.681 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2021

-1.04% (2021 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2022

1.48% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2021

$27,600 (2021 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2022

$27,900 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$28,500 (2023 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

0.96% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

0.68% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.63% of GDP (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021

$6.88 billion (2021 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$6.832 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$6.256 billion (2023 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

16.55% (of GDP) (2019 est.)

note

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2021

4.45% (2021 est.)

Unemployment rate 2022

4.38% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

4.21% (2023 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

11.1% (2023 est.)

male

9.4% (2023 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

10.1% (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

from consumed natural gas

31.158 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

4.257 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

total emissions

35.415 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Coal

consumption

100 metric tons (2021 est.)

imports

200 metric tons (2022 est.)

Electricity

consumption

8.981 billion kWh (2022 est.)

installed generating capacity

2.522 million kW (2022 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

427.688 million kWh (2022 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels

99.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

solar

0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Natural gas

consumption

15.913 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

exports

10.878 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

production

26.772 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

proven reserves

298.063 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

crude oil estimated reserves

242.982 million barrels (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption

32,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

total petroleum production

73,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

27 (2020 est.)

total

376,771 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media

6 free-to-air TV networks, 2 of which are state-owned; 24 subscription providers (cable and satellite); over 36 radio frequencies (2019)

Internet country code

.tt

Internet users

percent of population

79% (2021 est.)

total

1.185 million (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems

domestic

fixed-line is 21 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity 131 per 100 persons (2022)

general assessment

excellent international service; good local service; broadband access; expanded FttP (Fiber to the Home) markets; LTE launch; regulatory development; major growth in mobile telephony and data segments which attacks operation investment in fiber infrastructure; moves to end roaming charges (2020)

international

country code - 1-868; landing points for the EC Link, ECFS, Southern Caribbean Fiber, SG-SCS and Americas II submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US, parts of the Caribbean and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana (2020)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

21 (2022 est.)

total subscriptions

326,000 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

131 (2022 est.)

total subscriptions

1.999 million (2022 est.)

Airports

3 (2024)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

9Y

Merchant marine

by type

general cargo 1, other 101

total

102 (2023)

National air transport system

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

41.14 million (2018) mt-km

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

2,525,130 (2018)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

19

number of registered air carriers

1 (2020)

Pipelines

257 km condensate, 11 km condensate/gas, 1,567 km gas, 587 km oil (2013)

Ports

key ports

Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe-a-Pierre, Port of Spain

medium

1

ports with oil terminals

8

small

4

total ports

10 (2024)

very small

5

Military - note

the TTDF's primary responsibilities are conducting border and maritime security, including air and maritime surveillance, assisting civil authorities in times of crisis or disaster, providing search and rescue services, port security, and supporting civil law enforcement, particularly in countering gang-related crime and trafficking of narcotics and other illicit goods; the Police Service maintains internal security (2024)

Military and security forces

Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Regiment (Army/Land Forces), Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, Trinidad and Tobago Air Guard, Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force ReservesTrinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) (2024)

note

note: the Ministry of National Security oversees both the TTDF and the TTPS

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 5,000 TTDF personnel (2024)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the TTDF's ground force inventory consists of light weapons, while the Coast Guard and Air Guard field mostly secondhand equipment from a mix of countries, including Australia, China, Italy, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US (2024)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2019

1% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military Expenditures 2020

1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (some age variations between services, reserves); no conscription (2024)

Illicit drugs

a transit point for drugs destined for Europe, North America, and the rest of the Caribbean;  drug trafficking organizations use  the country’s proximity to Venezuela, its porous borders, vulnerabilities at ports of entry, a limited law enforcement capacity and resources, and corruption  

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin)

36,218 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2023)

Air pollutants

carbon dioxide emissions

43.87 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions

1.35 megatons (2020 est.)

particulate matter emissions

10.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Climate

tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Environment - current issues

water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion; fisheries and wildlife depletion

Environment - international agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Land use

agricultural land

10.6% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 1.4% (2018 est.)

forest

44% (2018 est.)

other

45.4% (2018 est.)

Revenue from coal

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources

0.05% of GDP (2018 est.)

Total renewable water resources

3.84 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total water withdrawal

agricultural

20 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial

130 million cubic meters (202 est.)

municipal

240 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

53.4% of total population (2023)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

727,874 tons (2010 est.)