1994 Edition

Administrative divisions

23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo) note: the 23 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Agriculture

accounts for 33% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons

Airports

total: 9 usable: 9 with permanent-surface runways: 2 with runways over 3,659 m: with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Area

total area: 56,790 sq km land area: 54,390 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Birth rate

47.3 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Budget

revenues: $284 million expenditures: $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)

Capital

Lome

Climate

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline

56 km

Constitution

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Currency

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Death rate

11.39 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures

exchange rate conversion - $43 million, about 3% of GDP (1989)

Digraph

TO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-4212

Economic aid

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Electricity

capacity: 179,000 kW production: 209 million kWh consumption per capita: 60 kWh (1990)

Environment

current issues: deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture natural hazards: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

Ethnic divisions

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05 (January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989) note: the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Executive branch

chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote head of government: Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the prime minister

Exports

$558 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)

External debt

$1.3 billion (1991)

FAX

[228] 21-79-52

Fiscal year

calendar year

Flag

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Highways

total: 6,462 km paved: 1,762 km unpaved: unimproved earth 4,700 km

Illicit drugs

increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers

Imports

$636 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)

Independence

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)

Industrial production

growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP

Industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Infant mortality rate

88.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.5% (1991 est.)

Inland waterways

50 km Mono River

International disputes

none

Irrigated land

70 sq km (1989 est.)

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Labor force

NA by occupation: agriculture 78%, industry 22% note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Land boundaries

total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use

arable land: 25% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 28% other: 42%

Languages

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe (one of the two major African languages in the south), Mina (one of the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba (one of the two major African languages in the north), Kabye (one of the two major African languages in the north)

Legal system

French-based court system

Legislative branch

unicameral

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 56.93 years male: 54.87 years female: 59.06 years (1994 est.)

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 43% male: 56% female: 31%

Location

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Manpower availability

males age 15-49 898,448; fit for military service 471,807

Map references

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 30 nm

Member of

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Merchant marine

2 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,118 GRT/20,529 DWT

Names

conventional long form: Republic of Togo conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togo

National Assembly

elections last held on 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; SEATS - (81 total) RPT and allies (pro government) 38, CAR, UTD (the opposition) 40, still contested as of 3 May 1994

National holiday

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

National product

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $3.3 billion (1993 est.)

National product per capita

$800 (1993 est.)

National product real growth rate

NA

Nationality

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Natural resources

phosphates, limestone, marble

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Overview

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 33% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of World phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

Political parties and leaders

pro-government: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH moderate: The Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao AGBOYIBOR radical: The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical

parties

The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile) note: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991

Population

4,255,090 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate

3.59% (1994 est.)

Ports

Lome, Kpeme (phosphate port)

Railroads

570 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Religions

indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Suffrage

universal adult at age NA

Telecommunications

fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines; broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE

Terrain

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Total fertility rate

6.9 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Type

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Unemployment rate

NA%

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY (Ambassador Johnny YOUNG to replace Ambassador KIRBY during the summer of 1994) embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 21-29-91