1985 Edition

Agriculture

main cash crops — coffee, cocoa, cotton; major food crops — yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum, fish

Airfields

131 total, 106 usable; 56 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

11 total, 11 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m

Branches

Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force

strong executive President; unicameral legislature (National Assembly); separate judiciary, including State Security Court, established in 1970; a new constitution was endorsed by referendum in 1979 that provided for an elective presidential system and a 67-member National Assembly

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie

Budget

(1982 proj.), revenues, $243.1 million; current expenditures, $219 million; development expenditures, $89 million

Capital

Lome

Civil air

30 (plus 2 leased) major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

Coastline

56 km People

419 km (est.) People

Communists

no Communist Party; possibly some sympathizers

Elections

to be held every seven years; last held in December 1979; General Eyadema, the sole candidate, was elected by almost 100% of votes cast

Electric power

172,000 kW capacity (1984); 452 million kWh produced (1984), 154 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Polynesian; about 300 Europeans

Exports

$202 million (f.o.b., 1982); phosphates, cocoa, coffee, palm kernels

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 14,000 metric tons (1982)

Government leader

Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, President (since 1967)

Highways

34,950 km total; 16,244 km paved, 5,353 km improved earth; 13,373 km unimproved earth

7,562 km total; 1,505 km paved, 1,257 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth

Imports

$390 million (f.o.b., 1982); consumer goods, fuels, machinery, tobacco, foodstuffs

Inland waterways

3,999 km principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigable depths of 0.9 m or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft

section of Mono River and about 50 km of coastal lagoons and tidal creeks

Labor force

78% agriculture, 22% industry; about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors

agriculture 10,300; mining 600 Government

Land boundaries

1,646 km Water

Language

French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Tongan, English

Legal system

French-based court system with a court of appeals

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

30 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

rectangular/ polygonal claim (12 nm for Minerva Reef)

Literacy

18%

90-95%; compulsory education for children ages 6-14

Major industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Major trade partners

mostly France and other EC countries

Member of

Af DB, CEAO (observer), EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, ENTENTE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Togo (continued) Tonga Economy GNP; $950 million (1982 est.), about $340 per capita; 3.2% real growth in 1982

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 September 1985, $1.3 million; 19.45% of central government budget S»rttion.lnnpVH Bight of Benin Land 56,980 km2; slightly larger than West Virginia; nearly 50% arable, under 15% cultivated

Military manpower

males 15-49, 13,604,000; 8,349,000 fit for military service; about 634,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 659,000; 343,000 fit for military service; no conscription South Pacific Ocean Ha'apai Group' _•':.' Vava'u Group NUKU'ALOFA*, X Tongatapu Group Land 997 km2 (169 islands, only 36 inhabited); smaller than New York City; 77% arable, 13% forest, 3% pasture, 3% inland water, 4% other Water

Monetary conversion rate

479.875 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$l (December 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 27 April

Nationality

noun — Togolese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Togolese

noun— Tongan(s); adjective — Tongan

Official name

Republic of Togo

Kingdom of Tonga

Organized labor

one national union, the National Federation of Togolese Workers Government

Pipelines

natural gas, 600 km

Political party

single party formed by President Eyadema in September 1969, Rally of the Togolese People (RPT); structure and staffing of party closely controlled by government

Political subdivisions

21 circumscriptions

Population

3,018,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1%

107,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.9%

Ports

2 major, 16 minor

1 major (Lome), 1 minor

Railroads

570 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Religion

about 70% indigenous beliefs, 20% Christian, 10% Muslim

Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents

Suffrage

universal adult

Telecommunications

service to general public adequate; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and radio-relay network; satellite ground station; domestic satellite system being developed; 496,558 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); approx. 150 AM, 20 FM, 10 TV transmitters in government-controlled networks Defense Forces

fair system based on network of open-wire lines supplemented by radio-relay routes; 9,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, 3 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station and 1 SYMPHONIE station Defense Forces

Type

republic; one-party presidential regime with a centralized national administration

constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth