1987 Edition

Boundary disputes

Vietnam (three areas); occupied by Vietnam

Budget

revenues, $25.0 million; expenditures, $43.00 million (at average 1985 official rate of 7.09 rufiyas=US$1) (1985 est.)

Climate

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation

tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to October); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid

Coastline

443 km

3,219 km

Comparative area

the size of Missouri

about the size of Texas

about the size of New

Contiguous zone

24 nm

Continental shelf

200 nm

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Environment

a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

air and water pollution; land subsidence in Bangkok area

Extended economic zone

200 nm

200 nm

Fiscal year

calendar year

Land boundaries

2,438 km total

4,868 km total

Land use

16% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 3% meadows and pastures; 76% forest and woodland; 4% other; includes 1% irrigated

34% arable land; 4% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures; 30% forest and woodland; 31% other; includes 7% irrigated

Monetary conversion rate

7.24 Maldivian rufiyas=US§1, official rate; 7.0 Maldivian rufiyas=US$1, market rate (November 1986)

Special notes

buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore

Terrain

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

central plain; eastern plateau (Khorat); mountains elsewhere

Territorial sea

12 nm

Terrttortal sea

12 nm

Total area

181,040 km?; land area: 176,520 km?

514,000 km?: land area: 511,770 km?

329,560 km?; land area: $25,360

Ethnic divisions

90% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 5% other minorities

75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% other

Infant mortality rate

51.4/1,000 (1985)

Labor force

26 million (1984); 73% agriculture, 11% industry and commerce, 10% services, 6% government; 8% unemployment rate

Language

Khmer (official), French

Thai; English is the secondary language of the elite; ethnic and regional dialects

Life expectancy

men 42, women 44.9

men 59.5, women 65.1

Literacy

48%

82%

Nationality

noun—Cambodian(s); adjective—Cambodian

noun—Thai (sing. and pl.); adjective—Thai

Population

6,536,079 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 2.26%.

53,645,823 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 1.78%

Religion

95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% other

95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% other

Administrative divisions

20 provinces

72 centrally controlled provinces

Branches

PRK—unicameral legislature (National Assembly); highest authority of the land is technically the Council of State, whose chairman serves as the country’s president; Council of Ministers oversees implementation of party policies—chairman is equivalent of premier

King is head of state with nominal powers; bicameral legislature (National Assembly—Senate appointed by King, elected House of Representatives); judiciary relatively independent except in important political subversion cases

Capital

Bangkok

Communists

strength of illegal Communist Party is probably less than J ,000; Communist insurgents throughout Thailand total an estimated 1,000

Elections

last held July 1986

Government leaders

PRK—HENG SAMRIN, President (since January 1979), HUN SEN, Prime Minister; CGDK— Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, President (since July 1982); SON SANN, Prime Minister (since July 1982); KHIEU SAMPHAN, Vice President (since July 1982)

BHUMIBOL ADULYADE], King (since June 1946); Gen. (Ret.) PREM TINSULANONDA, Prime Minister (since March 1980)

Legal system

no information

based on civil Jaw system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, 1TU, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO for CGDK; none for PRK

ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, ASPAC, Association of Tin Producing Countries, Colombo Plan, GATT, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, 1HO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

17 April for both regimes

King’s Birthday, 5 December

Official name

People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK; pro-Vietnamese, in Phnom Penh); the three resistance groups function collectively as the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK)

Kingdom of Thailand

Political parties

Social Action Party, Thai Nation Party, Thai People’s Party, Thai Citizens Party, Democrat Party, United Democratic Party, United Democracy Party, Community Action Party, People’s Party, Progressive Party; other small parties represented in parliament

Suffrage

universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: PRK— Kampuchean Peoples Revolutionary Party, the Communist party installed by Vietnam in 1979; CGDK—an umbrella organization for three resistance groups, including Democratic Kampuchea under Khieu Samphan, Khmer People’s National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under Son Sann, and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia under Prince Norodom Sihanouk

universal at age 20

Type

PRK is Communist; CGDK is nationalist coalition of one Communist and two non-Communist factions Capital; Phnom Penh

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(July 1986 parliamentary election) total number of seats—347; Democrat Party 100 seats, Thai Nation 63 seats, Social Action 5] seats, United Democratic 38 seats, Thai Citizens 24 seats, National Democracy 3 seats, minor parties 68 seats

Agriculture

mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops—rice, rubber, corn; food shortages—rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

main crops—rice, sugar, corn, rubber, manioc; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade

Aid

US (FY70-85), $715 million; other Western (1970-84), $265 million

Budget

(FY85) estimate of expenditures, $7.8 billion; revenues $6.0 billion; deficit $1.8 billion

Electric power

125,000 kW capacity; 142 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1986)

6,400,000 kW capacity; 24,060 million kWh produced, 460 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

probably less than $10 million (1983 est.); natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood

$7.1 billion (f.0.b., 1985); textiles and garments, rice, tapioca, rubber, integrated circuits, corn, gems, sugar, tin, canned and frozen seafood, fruit

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 October-30 September

Fishing

catch 2.2 million metric tons (1984); major fishery export, shrimp, 24,041 metric tons, about $126 million (1985)

GNP

$37.2 billion (1985), $720 per capita; 4.0% real growth in 1985

Imports

probably less than $30 million (1983); international food aid; Soviet bloc economic development aid (post-1979)

$9.2 billion (c.i.f., 1985); machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertilizer

Major industries

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber

textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, other light manufacturing; tin and tungsten ore mining; world’s second largest tungsten producer and third largest tin producer

Major trade partners

exports—US, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong; imports—Japan, US, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Malaysia, FRG; about 1% or less trade with Communist countries

Military transfers

US (FY70-82), $1.2 billion Monetary conversion rate; 4 riels=US$1 (1984)

Monetary conversion rate

26.27 baht=US$1 (November 1986)

Natural resources

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydroelectric power (potential)

tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, fisheries products

Shortages

fossil fuels

fuel sources, including coal and petroleum; scrap iron; and fertilizer

Trade partners

Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Airfields

26 total, 18 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m

131 total, 104 usable; 57 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 8,659 m, 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 26 with runways 1,220-2,489 m

Civil air

30 (plus 2 leased) major transport aircraft

Highways

13,35) km total; 2,622 km bituminous, 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city

44,534 km total; 28,016 km paved, 5,132 km earth surface, 11,386 km under development

Inland waterways

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

3,999 km principal waterways; 3,70] km with navigable depths of 0.9 m or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft

Pipelines

natural gas, 350 km; refined products, 67 km

Ports

2 major, 5 minor

2 minor (Male, Gan) Civil air; 1 major transport aircraft

2 major, 16 minor

Railroads

612 km 1.000-meter gauge; government owned

none

3,940 km 1.000-meter gauge, 99 km double track

Telecommunications

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; earth satellite station scheduled for early 1987; radiobroadcasts limited to 1 station; 1 TV station

minimal domestic and international facilities; 1,064 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 TV, 1 FM, 2 AM stations; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT station

service to general public adequate; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and radio-relay network; satellite ground station; domestic satellite system being developed; 623,368 telephones; over 200 AM, about 100 FM, 11 TV transmitters in government-controlled networks

Branches

PRK—People’s Republic of Kampuchea Armed Forces; resistance forces are the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge), Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces, and Sihanoukist National Army

Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force; paramilitary forces include Border Patrol Police, Thahan Phran (irregular soldiers), Village Defense Forces

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 3] December 1984, about $1.8 million

for fiscal year ending 30 September 1987, $1.6 billion (est.); 18.1% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,782,000; 988,000 fit for military service; about 73,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 14,557,000; 8,912,000 fit for military service; 630,000 reach military age (18) annually