2011 Edition

Background

Shortly after achieving independence from Britain in the early 1960s, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule ended in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. The formation of a government of national unity between Zanzibar's two leading parties succeeded in minimizing electoral tension in 2010

Area

947,300 sq km 885,800 sq km 61,500 sq km includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

total

947,300 sq km

water

61,500 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than twice the size of California

Climate

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Coastline

1,424 km

Elevation extremes

Indian Ocean 0 m Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

highest point

Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

lowest point

Indian Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%) 135 cu m/yr (2000)

per capita

135 cu m/yr (2000)

total

5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)

Geographic coordinates

6 00 S, 35 00 E

Geography - note

Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest

Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent

Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest

Irrigated land

1,840 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

3,861 km Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

border countries

Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

total

3,861 km

Land use

4.23% 1.16% 94.61% (2005)

arable land

4.23%

other

94.61% (2005)

permanent crops

1.16%

Location

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 200 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought Tanzania experiences limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru

volcanism

Tanzania experiences limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru

Natural resources

hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Terrain

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south

Total renewable water resources

91 cu km (2001)

Age structure

42% (male 9,003,152/female 8,949,061) 55.1% (male 11,633,721/female 11,913,951) 2.9% (male 538,290/female 708,445) (2011 est.)

0-14 years

42% (male 9,003,152/female 8,949,061)

15-64 years

55.1% (male 11,633,721/female 11,913,951)

65 years and over

2.9% (male 538,290/female 708,445) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

32.64 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

16.7% (2005)

Death rate

12.09 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 80% of population rural: 45% of population total: 54% of population urban: 20% of population rural: 55% of population total: 46% of population (2008)

rural

55% of population

total

46% of population (2008)

urban

20% of population

Education expenditures

6.8% of GDP (2008)

Ethnic groups

mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African

Health expenditures

5.1% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

5.6% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

86,000 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

1.4 million (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

1.1 beds/1,000 population (2006)

Infant mortality rate

66.93 deaths/1,000 live births 73.7 deaths/1,000 live births 59.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

female

59.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

total

66.93 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages

Life expectancy at birth

52.85 years 51.34 years 54.42 years (2011 est.)

female

54.42 years (2011 est.)

total population

52.85 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic 69.4% 77.5% 62.2% (2002 census)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic

female

62.2% (2002 census)

male

77.5%

total population

69.4%

Major cities - population

DAR ES SALAAM (capital) 3.207 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever malaria and plague schistosomiasis rabies (2009)

animal contact disease

rabies (2009)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

malaria and plague

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Maternal mortality rate

790 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)

Median age

18.5 years 18.2 years 18.7 years (2011 est.)

female

18.7 years (2011 est.)

male

18.2 years

total

18.5 years

Nationality

Tanzanian(s) Tanzanian

adjective

Tanzanian

noun

Tanzanian(s)

Net migration rate

-0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Physicians density

0.008 physicians/1,000 population (2006)

Population

42,746,620 (July 2011 est.) estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

2.002% (2011 est.)

Religions

mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim

Sanitation facility access

urban: 32% of population rural: 21% of population total: 24% of population urban: 68% of population rural: 79% of population total: 76% of population (2008)

rural

79% of population

total

76% of population (2008)

urban

68% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

9 years 9 years 9 years (2007)

female

9 years (2007)

male

9 years

total

9 years

Sex ratio

1.03 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 0.98 male(s)/female 0.77 male(s)/female 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.77 male(s)/female

at birth

1.03 male(s)/female

total population

0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.01 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

4.16 children born/woman (2011 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

8.8% 7.4% 10.1% (2005)

female

10.1% (2005)

total

8.8%

Urbanization

26% of total population (2010) 4.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

4.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

26% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

26 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West

Capital

Dar es Salaam 6 48 S, 39 17 E UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital, and the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis; the Executive Branch with all ministries and diplomatic representation remains located in Dar es Salaam

geographic coordinates

6 48 S, 39 17 E

name

Dar es Salaam

time difference

UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Country name

United Republic of Tanzania Tanzania Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania Tanzania United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

conventional long form

United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form

Tanzania

former

United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

local long form

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania

local short form

Tanzania

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Alfonso E. LENHARDT 686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam [255] (22) 266-8001 [255] (22) 266-8238, 266-8373

chief of mission

Ambassador Alfonso E. LENHARDT

embassy

686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam

FAX

[255] (22) 266-8238, 266-8373

mailing address

P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

telephone

[255] (22) 266-8001

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Mwandaidi Sinare MAAJAR 1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037 [1] (202) 939-6125 [1] (202) 797-7408

chancery

1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037

chief of mission

Ambassador Mwandaidi Sinare MAAJAR

FAX

[1] (202) 797-7408

telephone

[1] (202) 939-6125

Executive branch

President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010) Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN elected to that office on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010 Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

chief of state

President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%

elections

president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010)

Flag description

divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean

Government type

republic

Independence

26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent on 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)

Legal system

English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (357 seats; 239 members elected by popular vote, 102 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms, up to 10 additional members appointed by the president, 1 seat reserved for the Attorney General); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives with jurisdiction exclusive to Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015) National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22

election results

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22

elections

last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)

National anthem

"Mungu ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa) collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem

lyrics/music

collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA

name

"Mungu ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa)

National holiday

Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)

National symbol(s)

Uhuru (Freedom) torch

Political parties and leaders

Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi [Hashim RUNGWE]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF; Free Zanzibar; Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget

$4.403 billion $5.779 billion (2010 est.)

expenditures

$5.779 billion (2010 est.)

revenues

$4.403 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-6.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate

8.25% (31 December 2010 est.) 3.7% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

14.55% (31 December 2010 est.) 15.03% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

-$2.056 billion (2010 est.) -$1.934 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$8.259 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $7.325 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

37.6 (2007) 34.6 (2000)

Economy - overview

Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, however, Tanzania average 7% GDP growth per year between 2000 and 2008 on strong gold production and tourism. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for more than 40% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. In 2008, Tanzania received the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-10 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production.

Electricity - consumption

3.431 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production

4.281 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Exchange rates

Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - 1,423.3 (2010) 1,320.3 (2009) 1,178.1 (2008) 1,255 (2007) 1,251.9 (2006)

Exports

$4.297 billion (2010 est.) $3.295 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton

Exports - partners

China 15.6%, India 11%, Japan 6.1%, UAE 5%, Germany 4% (2010)

GDP - composition by sector

28.4% 24% 47.6% (2010 est.)

agriculture

28.4%

industry

24%

services

47.6% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,400 (2010 est.) $1,300 (2009 est.) $1,300 (2008 est.) data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

6.5% (2010 est.) 6.7% (2009 est.) 7.3% (2008 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$22.67 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$58.44 billion (2010 est.) $54.88 billion (2009 est.) $51.43 billion (2008 est.) data are in 2010 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

2.8% 29.6% (2007)

highest 10%

29.6% (2007)

lowest 10%

2.8%

Imports

$7.125 billion (2010 est.) $5.834 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil

Imports - partners

China 17.3%, India 15.4%, South Africa 7.9%, Kenya 7%, UAE 4.8%, Japan 4.2% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

7% (2010 est.)

Industries

agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

7.2% (2010 est.) 12.1% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

26.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Labor force

23.39 million (2010 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

80% 20% (2002 est.)

agriculture

80%

industry and services

20% (2002 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$1.264 billion (31 December 2010) $1.293 billion (31 December 2008) $541.1 million (31 December 2006)

Natural gas - consumption

658 million cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - production

658 million cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Oil - consumption

38,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports

30,040 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Population below poverty line

36% (2002 est.)

Public debt

34.4% of GDP (2010 est.) 32.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$3.645 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $3.206 billion (31 December 2009 est.) excludes gold

Stock of broad money

$7.528 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $6.617 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$4.647 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $3.859 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$3.223 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $2.958 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

19.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Broadcast media

a state-owned TV station and multiple privately-owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.tz

Internet hosts

24,182 (2010)

Internet users

678,000 (2009)

Telephone system

telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean)

domestic

fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital

general assessment

telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction

international

country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

174,500 (2010)

Telephones - mobile cellular

20.984 million (2010)

Airports

124 (2010)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2010)

1,524 to 2,437 m

4

2,438 to 3,047 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

1 (2010)

over 3,047 m

2

total

9

Airports - with unpaved runways

33 (2010)

1,524 to 2,437 m

19

914 to 1,523 m

63

total

115

under 914 m

33 (2010)

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 4, cargo 43, carrier 4, chemical tanker 2, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 15 25 (Greece 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 13, Turkey 7, UAE 1, United States 1) 3 (Honduras 1, Panama 2) (2010)

foreign-owned

25 (Greece 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 13, Turkey 7, UAE 1, United States 1)

registered in other countries

3 (Honduras 1, Panama 2) (2010)

total

72

Pipelines

gas 254 km; oil 888 km; refined products 8 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar

Railways

3,689 km 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)

total

3,689 km

Roadways

91,049 km 6,578 km 84,471 km (2010)

total

91,049 km

unpaved

84,471 km (2010)

Transportation - note

the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

Waterways

(Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) are the principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; the rivers are not navigable) (2009)

Manpower available for military service

9,985,445 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

9,985,445 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

5,860,339 5,882,279 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

5,882,279 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

5,860,339

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

512,294 514,164 (2010 est.)

female

514,164 (2010 est.)

male

512,294

Military branches

Tanzanian People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)

Tanzanian People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ)

Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)

Military expenditures

0.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

Disputes - international

Tanzania still hosts more than a half-million refugees, more than any other African country, mainly from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite the international community's efforts at repatriation; disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant

Illicit drugs

targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa; Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling; traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia.

Refugees and internally displaced persons

352,640 (Burundi); 127,973 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)

refugees (country of origin)

352,640 (Burundi); 127,973 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)

Trafficking in persons

Tanzania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the incidence of internal trafficking is higher than that of transnational trafficking; girls from rural areas are taken to urban centers and Zanzibar for domestic service; some domestic workers fleeing abusive employers fall prey to sex trafficking; boys are subjected primarily to forced labor on farms, but also in mines, in the informal sector, and possibly on small fishing boats; smaller numbers of Tanzanian children and adults are subjected to conditions of forced domestic service and sex trafficking in surrounding countries, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, France, and possibly other European countries; trafficking victims, primarily children from neighboring countries such as Burundi and Kenya, are sometimes forced to work in Tanzania's agricultural, mining, and domestic service sectors; some also are forced into prostitution in brothels Tier 2 Watch List - the government made limited progress towards implementation of its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, in part due to poor inter-ministerial coordination and lack of understanding of what constitutes human trafficking; most government officials remain unfamiliar with the Act's provisions or their responsibility to address trafficking under it; however, the government did convict three trafficking offenders (2011)

current situation

Tanzania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the incidence of internal trafficking is higher than that of transnational trafficking; girls from rural areas are taken to urban centers and Zanzibar for domestic service; some domestic workers fleeing abusive employers fall prey to sex trafficking; boys are subjected primarily to forced labor on farms, but also in mines, in the informal sector, and possibly on small fishing boats; smaller numbers of Tanzanian children and adults are subjected to conditions of forced domestic service and sex trafficking in surrounding countries, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, France, and possibly other European countries; trafficking victims, primarily children from neighboring countries such as Burundi and Kenya, are sometimes forced to work in Tanzania's agricultural, mining, and domestic service sectors; some also are forced into prostitution in brothels

tier rating

Tier 2 Watch List - the government made limited progress towards implementation of its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, in part due to poor inter-ministerial coordination and lack of understanding of what constitutes human trafficking; most government officials remain unfamiliar with the Act's provisions or their responsibility to address trafficking under it; however, the government did convict three trafficking offenders (2011)