1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — cotton, coffee, sisal on mainland; cloves and coconuts on Zanzibar

Aid

economic aid commitments from Western (non-US) countries (1970-79), ODA and OOF, $100 million; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $200 million

Airfields

95 total, 90 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

100 total, 93 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 45 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Branches

Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Navy

President Ali Hassan Mwinyi has full executive authority on the mainland; National Assembly dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party); National Assembly consists of 233 members, 72 from Zanzibar, of whom 10 are directly elected, 65 appointed from the mainland, and 96 directly elected from the mainland (these numbers are slated to be changed when amendments to the Constitution are approved)

Tanzanian People's Defense Force includes Army, Navy, and Air Force; paramilitary Police Field Force Unit

Budget

1985 — revenues $6.3 billion (excluding aid payments); expenditures $10.9 billion

(1984/85) revenues, $891.8 million; current expenditures, $1.017 billion; development expenditures, $359.5 million

Capital

Dar es Salaam

Civil air

1 4 major transport aircraft

1 major transport aircraft

Coastline

1,424 km (this includes 1 13 km Mafia Island, 177 km Pemba Island, and 212 km Zanzibar) People

Communists

a few Communist sympathizers, especially on Zanzibar

Electric power

372,800 kW capacity (1985); 816 million kWh produced (1985), 37 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

mainland — 99% native African consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1% Asian, European, and Arab; Zanzibar — almost all Arab

Exports

$396 million (f.o.b., 1984); coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, cloves, tobacco, tea, coconut products

External debt

$2.8 billion (1983); debt service ratio 68.1% (1984— not including IMF)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

1 July-30 June Communications

GDP

$4.2 billion (1984), $210 per capita; real growth rate, 0.6% (1984 prelim.)

Government leaders

Ali Hassan MWINYI, President (since November 1985); Joseph Sinde WARIOBA, Prime Minister (since November 1985)

Highways

16,939 km total; 12,051 km paved, 2,625 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,263 km improved earth

total 34,500 km, 3,600 km paved; 5,600 km gravel or crushed stone; remainder improved and unimproved earth

Imports

$831 million (c.i.f., 1984); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs

Infant mortality rate

103/1,000(1984)

Inland waterways

672 km; of little importance

several thousand km navigable on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Malawi; principal inland waterway ports are Mwanza on Lake Victoria and Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika

Labor force

208,680 in paid employment (1983); 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce

Land boundaries

3,883 km Water

Language

Swahili and English (official); English primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education; Swahili widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first language of most people is one of the local languages; primary education is generally in Swahili

Legal system

based on English common law; permanent constitution adopted 1977, replaced interim constitution adopted 1965; Zanzibar has its own constitution but remains subject to provisions of the union constitution; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Dar es Salaam; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

52

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

50 nm

Literacy

79%

Major industries

primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products

Major trade partners

exports — FRG, UK, US; imports— FRG, UK, US, Iran

Member of

Af DB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,403,000; 1,347,000 fit for military service; about 1 1 3,000 reach military age ( 1 9) annually 300km Land 942,623 km2 (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, 2,642 km2); more than twice the size of California; forest 45%, meadow and pasture 37%, inland water 6%, arable 4%, crop 1%, other 7%

males 15-49, 4,712,000; 2,706,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

3.925 Syrian pounds=US$l (official rate, February 1984); two other officially sanctioned rates — the "parallel" and "tourist" rates — are determined by the government guided by supply and demand

17 Tanzanian shillings=US$l (14 June 1984)

National holiday

Union Day, 26 April; Independence Day, 9 December

Nationality

noun — Tanzanian(s); adjective— Tanzanian

Natural resources

hydroelectric power potential, large unexploited iron and coal, gemstone and gold mines, natural gas, nickel

Official name

United Republic of Tanzania

Organized labor

15% of labor force Government

Pipelines

1,304 km crude oil; 515 km refined products

982 km crude oil

Political subdivisions

25 regions — 20 on mainland, 5 on Zanzibar

Population

22,415,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.2%

Ports

3 major (Tartus, Latakia, Baniyas), 2 minor

3 major (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga)

Railroads

1,543 km total; 1,281 km standard gauge, 262 km 1.050-meter narrow gauge

3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067meter gauge; 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track, 962 km Tan-Zam Railroad 1.067-meter gauge in Tanzania; 1 15 km 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade

Religion

mainland— 33% Christian, 33% Muslim, 33% indigenous beliefs; Zanzibar — almost all Muslim

Suffrage

universal adult over age 18 Political party and leader: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party), only political party, dominated by Nyerere; has considerable power over domestic policies and the enforcement of them

Telecommunications

fair system currently undergoing significant improvement; 512,600 telephones (5.3 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM, 40 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 1 Intersputnik satellite station under construction; 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, and Lebanon (inactive) Defense Forces

fair system of open wire, radio relay, and troposcatter; 103,800 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, no FM, 2 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

Type

republic; single party constitutionally supreme on the mainland and on Zanzibar

Voting strength

(October 1980 national elections) close to 7 million registered voters; Nyerere received 93% of about 6 million votes cast; general elections scheduled for late 1985