2018 Edition

Background

The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997.Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. In September 2015, government security forces rebuffed attacks led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power during the civil war, used the attacks to ban the main opposition political party in Tajikistan. In May 2016, RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself designated "Leader of the Nation" with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which would make RAHMON's son Rustam EMOMALI, the current mayor of the capital Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajiks working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the opiate trade emanating from neighboring Afghanistan.

Area

land

141,510 sq km

total

144,100 sq km

water

2,590 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate

mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

elevation extremes

300 m lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo)

mean elevation

3,186 m

note

7495 highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni

Environment Current Issues

areas of high air pollution from motor vehicles and industry; water pollution from agricultural runoff and disposal of untreated industrial waste and sewage; poor management of water resources; soil erosion; increasing levels of soil salinity

Environment International Agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic Coordinates

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography Note

landlocked; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Irrigated Land

7,420 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

border countries (4)

Afghanistan 1357 km, China 477 km, Kyrgyzstan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1312 km

total

4,130 km

Land Use

arable land: 6.1% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.9% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 27.7% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

34.7% (2011 est.)

forest

2.9% (2011 est.)

other

62.4% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Map References

Asia

Maritime Claims

note

none (landlocked)

Natural Hazards

earthquakes; floods

Natural Resources

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Population Distribution

the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Terrain

mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Age Structure

0-14 years

32.05% (male 1,404,403 /female 1,353,704)

15-24 years

18.35% (male 801,172 /female 777,524)

25-54 years

40.34% (male 1,721,081 /female 1,749,819)

55-64 years

5.85% (male 231,820 /female 271,946)

65 years and over

3.41% (male 121,405 /female 172,008) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

22.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children Under The Age Of 5 Years Underweight

13.3% (2012)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

27.9% (2012)

Death Rate

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

elderly dependency ratio

5.4 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio

18.5 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

62.5 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio

57.1 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

improved: urban: 93.1% of population

rural: 66.7% of population

total: 73.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 6.9% of population

rural: 33.3% of population

total: 26.2% of population (2015 est.)

Education Expenditures

5.2% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic Groups

Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 12.2%, other 3.5% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2010 est.)

Health Expenditures

6.9% of GDP (2014)

Hiv Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.3% (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids Deaths

<1000 (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids People Living With Hiv Aids

15,000 (2017 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

4.8 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant Mortality Rate

female

26.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male

34.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

total

30.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz .8%, Russian .5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)

note

Russian widely used in government and business

Life Expectancy At Birth

female

71.7 years (2018 est.)

male

65.2 years (2018 est.)

total population

68.4 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

female

99.7% (2015 est.)

male

99.8% (2015 est.)

total population

99.8% (2015 est.)

Major Infectious Diseases

degree of risk

high (2016)

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016)

vectorborne diseases

malaria (2016)

Major Urban Areas Population

873,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2018)

Maternal Mortality Rate

32 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median Age

female

25.4 years (2018 est.)

male

24.2 years

total

24.8 years

Mother S Mean Age At First Birth

22 years (2017 est.)

note

median age at first birth among women 25-29

Nationality

adjective

Tajikistani

noun

Tajikistani(s)

Net Migration Rate

-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

14.2% (2016)

Physicians Density

1.71 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population

8,604,882 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

1.58% (2018 est.)

Religions

Muslim 96.7% (Sunni ~90%, Shia ~7%), Christian 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.5%, other .2% (2010 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

improved: urban: 93.8% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 95.5% of population (2015 est.)

total: 95% of population (2015 est.)

unimproved: urban: 6.2% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 4.5% of population (2015 est.)

total: 5% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

female

11 years (2013)

male

12 years (2013)

total

11 years (2013)

Sex Ratio

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

15-24 years

1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

25-54 years

0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

55-64 years

0.85 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

65 years and over

0.72 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2.59 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

female

13.7% (2009 est.)

male

19.2% (2009 est.)

total

16.7% (2009 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

2.62% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

27.1% of total population (2018)

Administrative Divisions

2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand)

note

the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital

geographic coordinates

38 33 N, 68 46 E

name

Dushanbe

time difference

UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

Constitution

amendments

proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one-third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval by the president or approval by at least two-thirds of the Assembly of Representatives membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; note – constitutional articles including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2016 (2017)

history

several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994 (2017)

Country Name

conventional long form

Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form

Tajikistan

etymology

the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Tajikistan literally means "Land of the Tajik [people]"

former

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

local long form

Jumhurii Tojikiston

local short form

Tojikiston

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kevin COVERT (since 31 August 2017)

embassy

109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019

FAX

[992] (37) 229-20-50

mailing address

7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189

telephone

[992] (37) 229-20-00

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

chancery

1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037

chief of mission

Ambassador Farhod SALIM (since 21 May 2014)

FAX

[1] (202) 223-6091

telephone

[1] (202) 223-6090

Executive Branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

chief of state

President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

election results

Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 83.9%, Ismoil TALBAKOV (CPT) 5%, other 11.1%

elections/appointments

president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term for a maximum of two terms; however, as the "Leader of the Nation" President RAHMON can run an unlimited number of times; election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013)

Flag Description

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

Government Type

presidential republic

Independence

9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial Branch

highest courts

Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65

subordinate courts

regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Legal System

civil law system

Legislative Branch

description

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of:National Assembly or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members indirectly elected by local representative assemblies or majlisi, 8 appointed by the president, and 1 reserved for each living former president; members serve 5-year terms) Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by 2-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 32, women 2, percent of women 5.9% Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65.4%, APT 11.7%, PERT 7.5%, SPT 5.5%, CPT 2.2%, DPT 1.7%, other 6%; seats by party - PDPT 51, APT 5, PERT 3, CPT 2, SPT 1, DPT 1; composition - men 51, women 12, percent of women19%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 14.4%

elections

National Assembly - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020) Assembly of Representatives - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020)

National Anthem

lyrics/music

Gulnazar KELDI/Sulaimon YUDAKOV

name

"Surudi milli" (National Anthem)

note

adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics

National Holiday

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

National Symbol S

crown surmounted by an arc of seven, five-pointed stars; snow leopard; national colors: red, white, green

Political Parties And Leaders

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA]Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Miroj ABDULLOYEV]Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar USMONZODA]Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV]People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFOROV]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget

expenditures

2.374 billion (2017 est.)

revenues

2.269 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

16% (20 March 2017)

6.5% (31 December 2012)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

30% (31 December 2017 est.)

24.24% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current Account Balance

-$35 million (2017 est.)

-$362 million (2016 est.)

Debt External

$5.75 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$5.495 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

32.6 (2006)

34.7 (1998)

Economy Overview

Tajikistan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, antimony, tungsten, and coal. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Today, Tajikistan is the poorest among the former Soviet republics. Because less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the predominant crop, Tajikistan imports approximately 70% of its food.Since the end of the civil war, the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations in the economic sphere, but its poor business climate remains a hindrance to attracting foreign investment. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30%-50% of GDP.Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that in 2017 were equivalent to nearly 35% of GDP. Tajikistan’s large remittances from migrant workers in Russia exposes it to monetary shocks. Tajikistan often delays devaluation of its currency for fear of inflationary pressures on food and other consumables. Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations have hampered economic growth. The dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by almost 65% in 2015, and the government spent almost $500 million in 2016 to bail out the country’s still troubled banking sector.Tajikistan’s growing public debt – currently about 50% of GDP – could result in financial difficulties. Remittances from Russia increased in 2017, however, bolstering the economy somewhat. China owns about 50% of Tajikistan’s outstanding debt. Tajikistan has borrowed heavily to finance investment in the country’s vast hydropower potential. In 2016, Tajikistan contracted with the Italian firm Salini Impregilo to build the Roghun dam over a 13-year period for $3.9 billion. A 2017 Eurobond has largely funded Roghun’s first phase, after which sales from Roghun’s output are expected to fund the rest of its construction. The government has not ruled out issuing another Eurobond to generate auxiliary funding for its second phase.

Exchange Rates

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar -

8.764 (2017 est.)

7.8358 (2016 est.)

7.8358 (2015 est.)

6.1631 (2014 est.)

4.9348 (2013 est.)

Exports

$873.1 million (2017 est.)

$691.1 million (2016 est.)

Exports Commodities

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports Partners

Turkey 27.5%, China 17.7%, Russia 13.4%, Switzerland 12.5%, Algeria 8.2%, Iran 7.1% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Gdp Composition By End Use

exports of goods and services

10.7% (2017 est.)

government consumption

13.3% (2017 est.)

household consumption

98.4% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services

-36.6% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital

11.7% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories

2.5% (2017 est.)

Gdp Composition By Sector Of Origin

agriculture

28.6% (2017 est.)

industry

25.5% (2017 est.)

services

45.9% (2017 est.)

Gdp Official Exchange Rate

$7.144 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Gdp Per Capita Ppp

$3,200 (2017 est.)

$3,000 (2016 est.)

$2,900 (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Purchasing Power Parity

$28.43 billion (2017 est.)

$26.55 billion (2016 est.)

$24.83 billion (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Real Growth Rate

7.1% (2017 est.)

6.9% (2016 est.)

6% (2015 est.)

Gross National Saving

24.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

15.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

11.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

highest 10%

NA (2009 est.)

lowest 10%

NA (2009 est.)

Imports

$2.39 billion (2017 est.)

$2.554 billion (2016 est.)

Imports Commodities

petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports Partners

Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, China 8.7%, Iran 4.4% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

1% (2017 est.)

Industries

aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

7.3% (2017 est.)

5.9% (2016 est.)

Labor Force

2.295 million (2016 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

agriculture

43%

industry

10.6%

services

46.4% (2016 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

note

NA

Population Below Poverty Line

31.5% (2016 est.)

Public Debt

50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

$1.292 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$652.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Broad Money

$1.389 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.108 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

$16.3 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment At Home

$2.272 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

$1.06 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.711 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Narrow Money

$1.389 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.108 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes And Other Revenues

31.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2.4% (2016 est.)

2.5% (2015 est.)

note

official rate; actual unemployment is much higher

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

6.329 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Production

180 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

12 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Electricity Consumption

12.96 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

1.4 billion kWh NA (2015 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

6% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

94% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

103 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

5.508 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

17.03 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

19.82 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

19.82 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

24,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

22,460 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

172 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

less than 1 (2017 est.)

total

6,000 (2017 est.)

Broadcast Media

state-run TV broadcasters transmit nationally on 9 TV and 10 radio stations, and regionally on 4 stations; 31 independent TV and 20 radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; many households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite (2016)

Internet Country Code

.tj

Internet Users

percent of population

20.5% (July 2016 est.)

total

1,705,345 (July 2016 est.)

Telephone System

domestic

fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998, while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns (2016)

general assessment

foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012 (2016)

international

country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita); established a single gateway for Internet traffic in December 2015, which is expected to limit the connectivity of nonstate-owned telecom, Internet, and mobile companies (2016)

Telephones Fixed Lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

6 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

468,000 (July 2016 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

111 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

9.4 million (July 2016 est.)

Airports

24 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

5 (2013)

2,438 to 3,047 m

4 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

3 (2013)

over 3,047 m

2 (2013)

total

17 (2013)

under 914 m

3 (2013)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

1 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

1 (2013)

total

7 (2013)

under 914 m

5 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

EY (2016)

National Air Transport System

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

105,376 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

802,470 (2015)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

10 (2015)

number of registered air carriers

2 (2015)

Pipelines

549 km gas, 38 km oil (2013)

Railways

broad gauge

680 km 1.520-m gauge (2014)

total

680 km (2014)

Roadways

total

27,767 km (2000)

Waterways

200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2011)

Military Branches

Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Forces (2013)

Military Expenditures

1.19% of GDP (2017)

1.25% of GDP (2016)

1.22% of GDP (2015)

1.13% of GDP (2014)

1% of GDP (2012)

Military Service Age And Obligation

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)

Disputes International

in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefieldsdisputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Illicit Drugs

Tajikistan sits on one of the world's highest volume illicit drug trafficking routes, between Afghan opiate production to the south and the illicit drug markets of Russia and Eastern Europe to the north; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; significant consumer of opiates

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

stateless persons

10,500 (2017)