2014 Edition

Background

The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan endured several domestic security incidents during 2010-12, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistanis working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the major role narcotrafficking plays in the country's informal economy.

Area

143,100 sq km 141,510 sq km 2,590 sq km

total

143,100 sq km

water

2,590 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

highest point

Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

lowest point

Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m

Environment - current issues

inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

11.49 cu km/yr (6%/4%/91%) 1,740 cu m/yr (2006)

per capita

1,740 cu m/yr (2006)

total

11.49 cu km/yr (6%/4%/91%)

Geographic coordinates

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Irrigated land

7,421 sq km (2009)

Land boundaries

3,651 km Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

border countries

Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

total

3,651 km

Land use

5.96% 0.91% 93.13% (2011)

arable land

5.96%

other

93.13% (2011)

permanent crops

0.91%

Location

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Map references

Asia

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

earthquakes; floods

Natural resources

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Terrain

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Total renewable water resources

21.91 cu km (2011)

Age structure

33% (male 1,352,150/female 1,304,615) 20.1% (male 819,936/female 796,211) 38.9% (male 1,547,863/female 1,586,218) 4.8% (male 178,161/female 210,616) 3.2% (male 107,137/female 148,605) (2014 est.)

0-14 years

33% (male 1,352,150/female 1,304,615)

15-24 years

20.1% (male 819,936/female 796,211)

25-54 years

38.9% (male 1,547,863/female 1,586,218)

55-64 years

4.8% (male 178,161/female 210,616)

65 years and over

3.2% (male 107,137/female 148,605) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

24.99 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

164,432 10 % (2005 est.)

percentage

10 % (2005 est.)

total number

164,432

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

15% (2007)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

27.9% (2012)

Death rate

6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios

64.33 % 59.1 % 5.2 % 19.2 (2014 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

5.2 %

potential support ratio

19.2 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio

64.33 %

youth dependency ratio

59.1 %

Drinking water source

urban: 93% of population rural: 64% of population total: 71.7% of population urban: 7% of population rural: 36% of population total: 28.3% of population (2012 est.)

rural

36% of population

total

28.3% of population (2012 est.)

urban

7% of population

Education expenditures

3.9% of GDP (2011)

Ethnic groups

Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census) estimates of Uzbek proportion can range as high as 25% depending on how mixed Tajik-Uzbek families (largely in border areas) are counted

Health expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.3% (2012 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

500 (2012 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

11,900 (2012 est.)

Hospital bed density

5.5 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

35.03 deaths/1,000 live births 39.42 deaths/1,000 live births 30.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

female

30.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

total

35.03 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth

67.06 years 63.96 years 70.32 years (2014 est.)

female

70.32 years (2014 est.)

total population

67.06 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 99.7% 99.8% 99.6% (2011 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

99.6% (2011 est.)

male

99.8%

total population

99.7%

Major infectious diseases

high bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever malaria (2013)

degree of risk

high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease

malaria (2013)

Major urban areas - population

DUSHANBE (capital) 739,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

65 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

23.5 years 23 years 24 years (2014 est.)

female

24 years (2014 est.)

male

23 years

total

23.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

22.8 median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)

Nationality

Tajikistani(s) Tajikistani

adjective

Tajikistani

noun

Tajikistani(s)

Net migration rate

-1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

8.6% (2008)

Physicians density

1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population

8,051,512 (July 2014 est.)

Population growth rate

1.75% (2014 est.)

Religions

Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 93.6% of population rural: 94.6% of population total: 94.4% of population urban: 6.4% of population rural: 5.4% of population total: 5.6% of population (2012 est.)

rural

5.4% of population

total

5.6% of population (2012 est.)

urban

6.4% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

11 years 12 years 10 years (2011)

female

10 years (2011)

male

12 years

total

11 years

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 0.98 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female 0.73 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.03 male(s)/female

25-54 years

0.98 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.73 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.76 children born/woman (2014 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

16.7% 19.2% 13.7% (2009)

female

13.7% (2009)

total

16.7%

Urbanization

26.5% of total population (2011) 1.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

1.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

26.5% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand) the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital

Dushanbe 38 33 N, 68 46 E UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

38 33 N, 68 46 E

name

Dushanbe

time difference

UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994; amended 1999, 2003 (2009)

Country name

Republic of Tajikistan Tajikistan Jumhurii Tojikiston Tojikiston Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

conventional long form

Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form

Tajikistan

former

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

local long form

Jumhurii Tojikiston

local short form

Tojikiston

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Susan M. ELLIOTT (since 25 July 2012) 109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019 7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189 [992] (37) 229-20-00 [992] (37) 229-20-50

chief of mission

Ambassador Susan M. ELLIOTT (since 25 July 2012)

embassy

109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019

FAX

[992] (37) 229-20-50

mailing address

7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189

telephone

[992] (37) 229-20-00

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Farhod SALIM (since 21 May 2014) 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 [1] (202) 223-6090 [1] (202) 223-6091

chancery

1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037

chief of mission

Ambassador Farhod SALIM (since 21 May 2014)

FAX

[1] (202) 223-6091

telephone

[1] (202) 223-6090

Executive branch

President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013); First Deputy Prime Minister Davlatali SAIDOV (since 19 November 2013) Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for two terms); election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON 83.9%, Ismoil TALBAKOV 5%, other 11.1%

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

chief of state

President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

election results

Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON 83.9%, Ismoil TALBAKOV 5%, other 11.1%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for two terms); election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013); First Deputy Prime Minister Davlatali SAIDOV (since 19 November 2013)

Flag description

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

Government type

republic

Independence

9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice-president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists 16 judicial positions) Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all three courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no limit on terms, but last appointment must occur before the age of 65 regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice-president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists 16 judicial positions)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all three courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no limit on terms, but last appointment must occur before the age of 65

subordinate courts

regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; members serve five-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members elected through constituencies, 22 members elected through party selection; members serve five-year terms) National Assembly - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015) National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 71%, IRPT 8.2%, CPT 7%, APT 5.1%, PERT 5.1%, other 3.6%; seats by party - PDPT 55, IRPT 2, CPT 2, APT 2, PERT 2

election results

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 71%, IRPT 8.2%, CPT 7%, APT 5.1%, PERT 5.1%, other 3.6%; seats by party - PDPT 55, IRPT 2, CPT 2, APT 2, PERT 2

elections

National Assembly - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015)

National anthem

"Surudi milli" (National Anthem) Gulnazar KELDI/Suleiman YUDAKOV adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics

lyrics/music

Gulnazar KELDI/Suleiman YUDAKOV

name

"Surudi milli" (National Anthem)

National holiday

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

National symbol(s)

crown surmounted by seven, five-pointed stars

Political parties and leaders

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir QARAQULOV] Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] Democratic Party of Tajikistan [Saidjafar ISMONOV] Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI] Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV] People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON] Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV] Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFOROV]

Political pressure groups and leaders

influential religious leader Akbar TURAJONZODA unregistered Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON] unregistered opposition group Guruhi-24 (Group-24) [Umarali QUVVATOV] Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV] unregistered presidential candidate of Union of Reformist Forces of Tajikistan Oynihol BOBONAZAROVA unregistered New Tajikistan party [Zayd SAIDOV]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget

$2.425 billion $2.423 billion (2013 est.)

expenditures

$2.423 billion (2013 est.)

revenues

$2.425 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

0% of GDP (2013 est.)

Central bank discount rate

4.8% (31 December 2013 est.) 6.5% (31 December 2012 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

22% (31 December 2013 est.) 17.13% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

-$330 million (2013 est.) -$246.2 million (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$2.162 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $3.439 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

32.6 (2006) 34.7 (1998)

Economy - overview

Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. The 1992-1997 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families in Tajikistan through remittances. Less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the most important crop. Until 2008, cotton production was closely monitored and controlled by the government. In the wake of the National Bank of Tajikistan's admission in December 2007 that it had directed the AgroInvestBank to improperly lend money to politically connected investors in the cotton sector, the IMF canceled its stand-by assistance program in Tajikistan. As part of the Tajik government’s subsequent reforms, over a half billion dollars in farmer debt has been forgiven. In 2008 Tajikistan passed new law authorizing farmers to decide for themselves what crops to grow, and this has resulted in a gradual decrease in cotton output. Tajikistan imports approximately 60% of its food, most of which comes by rail. Uzbekistan closed one of the rail lines into Tajikistan in late 2011, hampering the transit of goods to and from the southern part of the country. As a result, food and fuel prices increased to the highest levels since 2002. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating below 25% of capacity. Electricity output expanded with the completion of the Sangtuda-1 hydropower dam - finished in 2009 with Russian investment. The smaller Sangtuda-2 hydropower dam, built with Iranian investment, began operating in 2012 at a limited capacity. The Tajik government is tens of millions of dollars in arrears for both Sangtuda dams, and Sangtuda-2 has been closed for “maintenance” since January 2014. The government is pinning its drive for energy independence on completion of the Roghun dam, which is scheduled for mid-2014. In 2010, the government began a coerced sale of shares in the Roghun enterprise to its population, ultimately raising over $180 million before stopping under intense criticism from international donors, but the dam is likely to cost billions of dollars. The World Bank funded two feasibility studies (technical-economic, and social-environmental) for the dam. If built according to plan, Roghun will be the tallest dam in the world, will operate year around, and will significantly expand Tajikistan’s electricity output. In 2013, the Tajik government finalized an agreement to import one million tons of fuel and oil products from Russia each year, at reduced prices. Tajikistan's economic situation remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, corruption, weak governance, seasonal power shortages, and its large external debt burden.

Exchange rates

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - 4.76 (2013 est.) 4.76 (2012 est.) 4.379 (2010 est.) 4.1428 (2009) 3.4563 (2008)

Exports

$1.163 billion (2013 est.) $826.6 million (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports - partners

Turkey 40.7%, Russia 10.6%, Iran 9.9%, Afghanistan 8.7%, China 7.4%, Kazakhstan 7.4%, Switzerland 6.6% (2012 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

97% 12% 14% 6.7% 13.7% -48.5% (2013 est.)

exports of goods and services

13.7%

government consumption

12%

household consumption

97%

imports of goods and services

-48.5%

investment in fixed capital

14%

investment in inventories

6.7%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

21.1% 23.2% 55.7% (2013 est.)

agriculture

21.1%

industry

23.2%

services

55.7% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,300 (2013 est.) $2,200 (2012 est.) $2,100 (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

7.4% (2013 est.) 7.5% (2012 est.) 7.4% (2011 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$8.513 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$19.2 billion (2013 est.) $17.88 billion (2012 est.) $16.63 billion (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

Gross national saving

12.4% of GDP (2013 est.) 17.8% of GDP (2012 est.) 10% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA% (2009 est.)

highest 10%

NA% (2009 est.)

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$4.121 billion (2013 est.) $3.778 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Russia 22%, Kazakhstan 15.2%, China 14.5%, Lithuania 4.7%, Kyrgyzstan 4.4%, Turkey 4.4%, Iran 4.3% (2012 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

3.9% (2013 est.)

Industries

aluminum, cement, vegetable oil

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.7% (2013 est.) 5.8% (2012 est.)

Labor force

2.209 million (2013 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

46.5% 10.7% 42.8% (2013 est.)

agriculture

46.5%

industry

10.7%

services

42.8% (2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA $NA $NA

Population below poverty line

35.6% (2013 est.)

Public debt

6.5% of GDP NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.072 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $972 million (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$2.033 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $1.555 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA (31 December 2010 est.) $16.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$2.272 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$1.611 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $1.196 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.044 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $1.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

28.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

2.5% (2013 est.) 2.5% (2012 est.) official rates; actual unemployment is much higher

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

2.618 million Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - production

553 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

12 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption

16.09 billion kWh (2013 est.)

Electricity - exports

1 billion kWh (2013 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

9% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

91% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)

Electricity - imports

300.5 million kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

4.476 million kW (2013 est.)

Electricity - production

17.09 billion kWh (2013 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

3.928 million cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - production

3.928 million cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

20,090 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

500 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

20,090 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

400 bbl/day

Broadcast media

state-run TV broadcaster transmits nationally on 4 stations and regionally on 4 stations; 11 independent TV stations broadcast locally and regionally; some households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite; state-run radio broadcaster operates Radio Tajikistan, Voice of Dushanbe, and several regional stations; a small number of independent radio stations (2010)

Internet country code

.tj

Internet hosts

6,258 (2012)

Internet users

700,000 (2009)

Telephone system

foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012 fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998 while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita) (2011)

domestic

fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998 while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns

general assessment

foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012

international

country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

393,000 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

6.528 million (2012)

Airports

24 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

3 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

5

2,438 to 3,047 m

4

914 to 1,523 m

3

over 3,047 m

2

total

17

under 914 m

3 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

5 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

914 to 1,523 m

1

total

7

Pipelines

gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2013)

Railways

680 km 680 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

total

680 km

Roadways

27,767 km (2000)

total

27,767 km (2000)

Waterways

200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2011)

Manpower available for military service

2,012,790 2,020,618 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,020,618 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

2,012,790

Manpower fit for military service

1,490,267 1,675,083 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

1,675,083 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

1,490,267

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

76,430 74,038 (2010 est.)

female

74,038 (2010 est.)

male

76,430

Military branches

Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Forces (2013)

Military service age and obligation

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)

Disputes - international

in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Illicit drugs

major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium); significant consumer of opiates

Refugees and internally displaced persons

2,300 (2012)

stateless persons

2,300 (2012)