1987 Edition

Boundary disputes

none; maritime dispute with USSR

Climate

temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Coastline

3,218 km

Comparative area

about the size of California

Continental shelf

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Environment

water pollution; acid rain

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Gotebor

ry Gotland Kattegat Hand Baltic Sea Malmo Kariskrona

Land boundaries

2,196 km total

Land use

7% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 2% meadows and pastures; 64% forest and woodland; 27% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

Special notes

strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Terrain

mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Territorial sea

12 nm

Total area

400 km STOCKHOLM ’ Jonkoping

449,960 km?; land area: 411,620 km?

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority; est. 12% foreign born or first generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks)

Infant mortality rate

7/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

4.41 million (1984); 32.8% private services; 30.0% government services; 22.0% mining and manufacturing; 5.9% construction; 5.0% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks; 2.8% unemployed (1985 average)

Language

Swedish, small Lappand Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages

Life expectancy

men 75, women 8]

Literacy

99%

Nationality

noun—Swede(s); adjective— Swedish

Organized labor

90% of labor force (1985 est.)

Population

8,383,026 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.15%

Religion

93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other

Administrative divisions

24 counties, 284 municipalities (townships)

Branches

legislative authority rests with unicameral parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in Cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts

Capital

Stockholm

Communists

VPK and SKP; VPK, the major Communist party, is reported to have roughly 17,800 members; in the 1985 election, the VPK attracted 293,543 votes; in addition, there are 4 other active Communist parties, including the SKP, for which membership figures are not available; in the 1985 elections, these parties obtained an additional 16,000 votes

Elections

every three years; next scheduled for September 1988 Political parties and leaders: Moderate (conservative), Carl Bildt; Center, Olaf Johansson; Liberal People’s Party, Bengt Westerberg; Social Democratic, Ingvar Carlsson; Left Party-Communist (VPK), Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party (SKP), Roland Pettersson; Communist Workers’ Party, Rolf Hagel

Government leaders

CARL XVI Gustaf, King (since September 1973); Ingvar CARLSSON, Prime Minister (since March 1986)

Legal system

civil law system influenced by customary law; a new constitution was adopted in 1975; accepts compulsory IC] jurisdiction, with reservations

Member of

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB—InterAmerican Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, JIHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC—International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

National holiday

no national holiday; King’s birthday, 30 April, celebrated as such by Swedish embassies

Official name

Kingdom of Sweden

Suffrage

universal but not compulsory over age 18; after three years of legal residence immigrants may vote in county and municipal but not national elections

Type

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1985 election) 45.0% Social Democratic, 21.3% Moderate Coalition, 12.5% Center (includes votes for Christian Democratic Alliance), 14.3% Liberal, 5.4% Communist, 1.5% other

Agriculture

animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops—grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets

Aid

donor—ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-84), $6 billion

Budget

(1985/86) revenues $35.87 billion, expenditures $42.3 billion, deficit $7.7 billion

Crude steel

4.8 million metric tons produced (1985), 575 ke per capita

Electric power

39,016,000 kW capacity; 150,500 million kWh produced, 18,010 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$30.5 billion (f.0.b., 1985); machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleam and petroleum products

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

Fishing

catch 285,000 metric tons (1984); exports $74 million, imports $195.0 million (1985)

GDP

$99 billion, $11,850 per capita; 50.8% private consumption, 27.8% government consumption, 13.1% private investment; 5.9% public investment, —0.2% change in stock building; 0.2% net exports of goods and services; growth rate, 2.2%; average exchange rate 8.6] kronors=US$1 (1985)

Imports

$28.5 billion (c.i.f., 1985); machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs, iron and steel, clothing

Major industries

iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Major trade partners

exports—EC 47.0% (FRG 11.4%, UK 9.9%, Denmark 8.3%), US 11.7%, Norway 10.5%; imports—EC 58.9% (FRG 17.9%, UK 14.1%, Denmark 6.8%), US 8.4%, less developed countries 7.6%

Monetary conversion rate

7.0 kronors=US$1 (November 1986)

Natural resources

zinc, iron, lead, copper, silver, gold, forests, hydroelectric power

Shortages

coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt, oils and fats, tropical products

Airfields

265 total, 261 usable; 137 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 89 with runways 1,220-2,489 m

Highways

97,400 km (51,899 km paved, 20,659 km gravel, 24,842 km unimproved earth)

Inland waterways

2,052 km navigable for small] steamers and barges

Pipelines

84 km natural gas

Ports

17 major and 30 minor _ Civil air: 65 major transports

Railroads

12,520 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)—11,180 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 6,960 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891meter gauge; 117 km rail ferry service; privately owned railways—51] km 1.435meter standard gange, 332 km electrified; 371 km 0.891-meter gauge electrified

Telecommunications

excellent domestic and international facilities; 7.8 million telephones (89.0 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 361 FM, 877 TV stations; 5 submarine coaxial cables, 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas, 1 Eutelsat antenna

Branches

Royal Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Air Force, Royal Swedish Navy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1987, $3.45 billion; 7.9% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,095,000; 1,840,000 fit for military service; 57,000 reach military age (19) annually