1985 Edition

Agriculture

animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops — grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets

Aid

donor — economic aid commitments (ODA and OOF) (1970-82), $4.8 billion

Airfields

262 total, 258 usable; 136 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 89 with runways 1,220-. 2,439 m

Area

449,964 km2; larger than California; 55% forest, 1% arable, 2% meadow and pasture, 36% other

Branches

legislative authority rests with unicameral parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in Cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts

Royal Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Air Force, Royal Swedish Navy

Budget

(1984/85) revenues $28.0 billion, expenditures $38.1 billion, deficit $10.1 billion

Capital

Stockholm

Civil air

65 major transports

Coastline

3,218 km People

Communists

VPK and SKP; VPK, the major Communist party, is reported to have roughly 17,800 members; in the 1982 election, the VPK attracted 308,899 votes; in addition, there are 4 other active Communist parties, for which membership figures are not available; in the 1982 elections, these parties obtained an additional 6,500 votes

Crude steel

3.9 million metric tons produced (1982), 468 kg per capita

Elections

every three years (next in September 1985) Political parties and leaders: Moderate coalition (conservative), Ulf Adelsohn; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; People's Party (Liberal), Bengt Westerberg; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Left Party-Communist (VPK), Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party (SKP), Roland Pettersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel

Electric power

36,841,000 kW capacity (1984); 112.885 billion kWh produced (1984), 13,544 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority; est. 12% foreign born or first generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks)

total population — 65% German, 18% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 5% other; Swiss nationals — 74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other

Exports

$26.28 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machinery, motor vehicles, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

Fishing

catch 259,000 metric tons (1982), exports $76 million, imports $199.1 million

GDP

$86.9 billion, $10,434 per capita (1983); 53.3% private consumption, 12.7% private investment, 29.7% government consumption; 6.0% public investment; 1.0% change in stock building; 0.9% net exports of goods and services; 1983 growth rate, 2.3%

Government leaders

CARL XVI Gustaf, King (since September 1973); Olof PALME, Prime Minister (since September 1982)

Highways

classified network, 97,400 km, of which 51,899 km paved; 20,659 km gravel; 24,842 km unimproved earth

Imports

$25.022 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, live animals

Inland waterways

2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges

Labor force

4.35 million; 31% private services; 30.6% government services; 21.9% mining and manufacturing; 7.2% construction; 5.2% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks; 3.5% unemployed (1983 average)

3.05 million, about 706,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian; 42% services, 39% industry and crafts, 11% government, 7% agriculture and forestry, 1% other; approximately 0.8% unemployed in October

Land boundaries

2,196 km Water

1,884 km People

Language

Swedish, small Lappand Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages

total population — 65% German, 18% French, 12% Italian, 1% Romansch, 4% other; Swiss nationals— 74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other

Legal system

civil law system influenced by customary law; a new constitution was adopted in 1975 replacing the Acts of 1809, 1866, and 1949; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Literacy

99%

99%

Major industries

iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles Switzerland

Major trade partners

EC 46. 1%, other developed 33.9%, non-OPEC less developed countries 7.7%, OPEC 7.2%, CEMA 3.0% (1982)

Member of

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $2.7 billion proposed; about 7.4% of proposed central government budget 80l>m See reg lontl map V Land 41,228 km2; the size of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island combined; 43% meadow and pasture, 24% forest, 20% waste or urban, 3% inland water

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,086,000; 1,848,000 fit for military service; 62,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

8.7 kronor=US$l (1 November 1983)

National holiday

no national holiday; King's birthday, 30 April, celebrated as such by Swedish embassies

Nationality

noun — Swede(s); adjective — Swedish

noun — Swiss (sing. & pi.); adjective— Swiss

Official name

Kingdom of Sweden

Organized labor

80% of labor force Government

Political subdivisions

24 counties, 278 municipalities (townships)

Population

8,338,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0%

6,512,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.2%

Ports

17 major and 30 minor

Railroads

12,518 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)— 11,179 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 6,959 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gauge; 117 km rail ferry service; privately owned railways — 511 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 332 km electrified; 371 km 0.891meter gauge electrified

Religion

93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other

49% Catholic, 48% Protestant, 0.3% Jewish

Shortages

coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt, oils and fats, tropical products

Suffrage

universal but not compulsory over age 18; after three years of legal residence immigrants may vote in county and municipal but not national elections

Telecommunications

excellent domestic and international facilities; 7.13 million telephones (85.5 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 343 FM, 814 TV stations; 9 submarine coaxial cables, 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations Defense Forces

Type

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1982 election) 45.9% Social Democratic, 23.6% Moderate Coalition, 15.5% Center, 5.9% Liberal, 5.6% Communist, 3.8% other