1983 Edition

Agriculture

main cash crops — coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops — corn, wheat, sugarcane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food

main crops — sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans, barley; not self-sufficient in food production; main cash crops — cotton, gum arabic, peanuts, sesame

Area

582,646 km2; 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing; 21% forest and wood; 20% arable, 13% suitable for agriculture

2,504,530 km2; 37% arable (3% cultivated); 33% desert, waste, or urban; 15% grazing; 15% forest

Branches

President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 1 1 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal

President and Cabinet; unicameral legislature (151-member National People's Assembly); regional assemblies

Budget

(1980/81) revenues $1.6 billion; current expenditures $1.9 billion; development expenditures $563 million

(FY83) public revenue $1.2 billion, total expenditures $1.8 billion, including development expenditure of $448 million

Capital

Nairobi

Khartoum

Coastline

536 km People

853 km People

Communists

may be a few Communists and sympathizers

Elections

Assembly at least every five years; present National Assembly and President elected September 1983 Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), Kenya's sole legal political party; Daniel arap Moi, president

presidential referendum held in 1983; Nimeiri reelected for a third six-year term Political parties and leaders: all political parties outlawed since May 1969; the ban on the Sudan Communist Party was not enforced until after abortive coup in July 1971; the government's mass political organization, the Sudan Socialist Union, was formed in January 1972

Electric power

550,000 kW capacity (1982); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1982), 100 kWh per capita

450,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1983), 85 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

21% Kikuyu, 14% Luhya, 13% Luo, 11% Kalenjin, 11% Kamba, 6% Kisiii 5% Meru, 1% Asian, European, and Arab

52% black, 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 2% foreigners, 1% other

Exports

$953 million (f .o.b., 1982); reexporting of petroleum products, coffee, tea, sisal, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract

$560 million (f.o.b., FY83); cotton (31%), gum arabic, peanuts, sesame; $40 million exports to Communist countries (FY82)

External public debt

$2.9 billion (1982 est.) debt service payment 23% of exports

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

1 July-30 June Communications

GDP

$6.3 billion (1982), $316 per capita; real growth rate, 3.5% (1982 est.)

$7. 1 billion at current prices (FY83), $345 per capita at current prices (FY83)

Government leader

Daniel T. arap MOI, President

Mar. Gaafar Mohamed NIMEIRI, President

Imports

$1,791 million (f.o.b., 1982); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles

$1.7 billion (c.i.f., FY83); textiles, petroleum products, foodstuffs, transport equipment, manufactured goods

Labor force

5.4 million; about 1.1 million wage earners; 47% public sector, 18% industry and commerce, 17% agriculture, 13% services

8.6 million (1979); roughly 78% agriculture, 12% services, 10% industry; labor shortages for almost all categories of employment coexist with urban unemployment Government

Land boundaries

3,368 km Water

7,805 km Water

Language

English and Swahili (official); numerous indigenous languages

Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in process

Legal system

based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment in 1982 made Kenya a de jure one-party state

based on English common law and Islamic law; some separate religious courts; permanent constitution promulgated April 1973; legal education at University of Khartoum and extension of Cairo University at Khartoum; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zones 200 nm)

12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone")

Literacy

47%

20%

Major industries

small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining, cement, tourism

cotton ginning, textiles, brewery, cement, edible oils, soap, distilling, shoes, Pharmaceuticals

Major trade partners

EC, Japan, Iran, US, Zambia, Uganda

UK, FRG, Italy, US, Saudi Arabia, France, Egypt, Japan

Member of

Af DB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

AfDB, APC, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDE — Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Monetary conversion rate

13.721 Kenya shillings=US$l (September 1983)

1.30 Sudanese pounds=US$l (February 1984) official; 2.00 Sudanese pounds=US$l free market

National holiday

Jamhuri Day, 12 December

Independence Day, 1 January

Nationality

noun — Kenyan(s); adjective — Kenyan

noun — Sudanese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Sudanese

Official name

Republic of Kenya

Democratic Republic of the

Organized labor

about 390,000 Government

Other political or pressure groups

labor unions

Muslim Brotherhood, formerly at odds with the military regime, now participates actively in government; Ansar Muslim sect and National Unionist Party do not participate directly in government

Political subdivisions

7 provinces plus Nairobi area

8 regions

Population

19,362,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 4. 1 %

21, 103,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.7%

Railroads

5,516 km total; 4,800 km 1.067-meter gauge, 716 km 1.6096-meter gauge plantation line

Religion

38% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 26% indigenous beliefs, 6% Muslim

70% Sunni Muslim in north, 20% indigenous beliefs, 5% Christian (mostly in south)

Suffrage

universal over age 21

universal adult

Type

republic within Commonwealth

republic under military control since coup in May 1969

Voting strength

KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly