1984 Edition

Agriculture

subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops — rice, cassava, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortages — rice, wheat

Airfields

399 total, 380 usable; 96 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 14 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 66 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Paramilitary Forces

executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of Cabinet; Cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (DPR or House of Representatives) of 460 members (96 appointed, 364 elected); second body (MPR or People's Consultative Assembly) of 920 members includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected); MPR elects President and Vice President and theoretically determines national policy; judicial, Supreme Court is highest court

Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police

Budget

(1982-83) expenditures, $19.5 billion; receipts, $16.8 billion domestic, $2.7 billion foreign

Capital

Jakarta

Civil air

approximately 150 major transport aircraft

Coastline

54,716 km People

Communists

Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000-3,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; preOctober 1965 hardcore membership has been estimated at 1.5 million

Electric power

5,618,000 kW capacity (1983); 16.5billionkWhproduced(1983), 102 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

majority of Malay stock comprising 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26% other

Exports

$19.3 billion (f.o.b., FY82/83); petroleum and liquefied natural gas ($15.6 billion; 0.9 million b/d), timber, rubber, coffee, tin, palm oil, tea, copper

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

Fishing

catch 1.8 million metric tons (1980); exports $181 million (1980), imports $8 million (1977)

GNP

$70.0 billion (1983), about $440 per capita; real average annual growth, 6.8% (1973-78); real annual growth rate 1.8% (1982)

Government leader

Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO, President (reelected by MPR, March 1983)

Highways

93,063 km total; 26,583 km paved, 41,521 km gravel or crushed stone, 24,959 km improved or unimproved earth

Imports

$19.8 billion (FY82/83); rice, wheat, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables

Inland waterways

21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Jaya 4,587 km

Labor force

61 million (1982); 66% agriculture, 23% trade and commerce, 10% services

Land boundaries

2,736 km Water

Language

Indonesian (modified form of Malay; official); English and Dutch leading foreign languages; local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese

Legal system

based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

under an archipelago theory, claim is 12 nm, measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands (fishing 200 nm, economic zone 200 nm)

Literacy

64%

Ma/or trade partners

(1982) exports— 50% Japan, 16% US, 14% Singapore; imports — 25% Japan, 14% US, 7% FRG, 5% Saudi Arabia

Major industries

petroleum, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer production, timber

Member of

ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Association of Tin Producing Countries, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984; est. budget $6.3 billion; 18% of central government budget AUSTBAl!* Land 1 ,906,240 km2; 64% forest; 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other; 12% small holding and estate; 8.6% cultivated

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1983, $2.84 billion; about 11.8% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 193,198,000; 117,884,000 fit for military service; about 8,676,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 42,632,000; 25,225,000 fit for military service; about 1,876,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

998 rupiahs= US$1 (31 January 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 17 August

Nationality

noun — Indonesian(s); adjective — Indonesian

Official name

Republic of Indonesia

Organized labor

est. 5% of labor force Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 2,450 km; refined products, 456 km; natural gas, 450 km

Political subdivisions

27 first-level administrative subdivisions or provinces, which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas

Population

169,442,000, including East Timor and West Irian (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.2%

Ports

15 ocean ports

Railroads

6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km 0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned

Religion

90% Muslim, 5% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic), 3% Hindu, 2% other

Suffrage

universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional groups), Lt. Gen. Sudharmono; Indonesia Democracy Party (federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties), Sunawar Sukowati; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), John Naro

Telecommunications

interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service fair, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 392,563 telephones (0.2 per lOOpopl.); 251 AM, 1 FM, and 14 TV stations; 1 international ground satellite station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna), and a domestic satellite communications system Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strength

(1982 election) Golkar 64.1%, Unity Development 28%, Indonesia Democracy 7.9%