2017 Edition

Background

Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. Following the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) resulted in a strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who were under Austrian rule. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 Slovakia became an independent state allied with Nazi Germany. Following World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro zone on 1 January 2009.

Area

49,035 sq km 48,105 sq km 930 sq km

land

48,105 sq km

total

49,035 sq km

water

930 sq km

Area - comparative

about one and a half times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire

Climate

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

458 m lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m

highest point

Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m

mean elevation

458 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling none of the selected agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

48 40 N, 19 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys

Irrigated land

869 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

1,611 km Austria 105 km, Czech Republic 241 km, Hungary 627 km, Poland 541 km, Ukraine 97 km

border countries (5)

Austria 105 km, Czech Republic 241 km, Hungary 627 km, Poland 541 km, Ukraine 97 km

total

1,611 km

Land use

40.1% arable land 28.9%; permanent crops 0.4%; permanent pasture 10.8% 40.2% 19.7% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

40.1%

forest

40.2%

other

19.7% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Europe, south of Poland

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

flooding

Natural resources

lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land

Population - distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border

Terrain

rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south

Age structure

15.17% (male 424,039/female 402,284) 10.87% (male 305,058/female 286,902) 45.1% (male 1,240,943/female 1,215,260) 13.42% (male 347,221/female 383,852) 15.43% (male 325,738/female 514,532) (2017 est.)

0-14 years

15.17% (male 424,039/female 402,284)

15-24 years

10.87% (male 305,058/female 286,902)

25-54 years

45.1% (male 1,240,943/female 1,215,260)

55-64 years

13.42% (male 347,221/female 383,852)

65 years and over

15.43% (male 325,738/female 514,532) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

9.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios

41.5 21.6 26.8 3.7 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

26.8

potential support ratio

3.7 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

41.5

youth dependency ratio

21.6

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2015 est.)

urban

0% of population

Education expenditures

4.1% of GDP (2013)

Ethnic groups

Slovak 80.7%, Hungarian 8.5%, Romani 2%, other and unspecified 8.8% (2011 est.) Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 7–11% of Slovakia's population

note

Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 7–11% of Slovakia's population

Health expenditures

8.1% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

5.1 deaths/1,000 live births 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

female

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

male

5.7 deaths/1,000 live births

total

5.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Slovak (official) 78.6%, Hungarian 9.4%, Roma 2.3%, Ruthenian 1%, other or unspecified 8.8% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

77.3 years 73.7 years 81.1 years (2017 est.)

female

81.1 years (2017 est.)

male

73.7 years

total population

77.3 years

Major urban areas - population

BRATISLAVA (capital) 401,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

6 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

40.5 years 38.8 years 42.3 years (2017 est.)

female

42.3 years (2017 est.)

male

38.8 years

total

40.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

27.6 years (2014 est.)

Nationality

Slovak(s) Slovak

adjective

Slovak

noun

Slovak(s)

Net migration rate

0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.5% (2016)

Physicians density

3.39 physicians/1,000 population (2013)

Population

5,445,829 (July 2017 est.)

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border

Population growth rate

-0.01% (2017 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 8.2%, Greek Catholic 3.8%, other or unspecified 12.5%, none 13.4% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 99.4% of population rural: 98.2% of population total: 98.8% of population urban: 0.6% of population rural: 1.8% of population total: 1.2% of population (2015 est.)

rural

1.8% of population

total

1.2% of population (2015 est.)

urban

0.6% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

15 years 14 years 16 years (2014)

female

16 years (2014)

male

14 years

total

15 years

Sex ratio

1.07 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female 0.9 male(s)/female 0.62 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.62 male(s)/female

at birth

1.07 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.41 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

26.5% 25.8% 27.5% (2015 est.)

female

27.5% (2015 est.)

male

25.8%

total

26.5%

Urbanization

53.4% of total population (2017) -0.09% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

rate of urbanization

-0.09% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

53.4% of total population (2017)

Administrative divisions

8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky

Capital

Bratislava 48 09 N, 17 07 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

48 09 N, 17 07 E

name

Bratislava

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia no 5 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

Constitution

several previous (preindependence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992 proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members; amended many times, last in 2017 (2017)

amendments

proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members; amended many times, last in 2017 (2017)

history

several previous (preindependence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992

Country name

Slovak Republic Slovakia Slovenska republika Slovensko related to the Slavic autonym (self-designation) "Slovenin," a derivation from "slovo" (word), denoting "people who speak (the same language)" (i.e., people who understand each other)

conventional long form

Slovak Republic

conventional short form

Slovakia

etymology

related to the Slavic autonym (self-designation) "Slovenin," a derivation from "slovo" (word), denoting "people who speak (the same language)" (i.e., people who understand each other)

local long form

Slovenska republika

local short form

Slovensko

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Adam H. Sterling (since August 2016) Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava [421] (2) 5443-3338 [421] (2) 5441-8861

chief of mission

Ambassador Adam H. Sterling (since August 2016)

embassy

Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava

FAX

[421] (2) 5441-8861

mailing address

P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava

telephone

[421] (2) 5443-3338

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Peter KMEC (since 19 September 2012) 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 237-1054 [1] (202) 237-6438 Los Angeles, New York

chancery

3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Peter KMEC (since 19 September 2012)

consulate(s) general

Los Angeles, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 237-6438

telephone

[1] (202) 237-1054

Executive branch

President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014) Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK (since 4 April 2012), Lucia ZITNANSKA and Peter PELLEGRINI (since 23 March 2016) Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president Andrej KISKA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)

election results

Andrej KISKA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%

elections/appointments

president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK (since 4 April 2012), Lucia ZITNANSKA and Peter PELLEGRINI (since 23 March 2016)

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red derive from the Pan-Slav colors; the Slovakian coat of arms (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius surmounting three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset slightly to the hoist side the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

note

the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and 79 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court (consists of 13 judges) Supreme Court judge candidates proposed by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member independent body to include the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges appointed for 12-year terms regional and district civil courts; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and 79 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court (consists of 13 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judge candidates proposed by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member independent body to include the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges appointed for 12-year terms

subordinate courts

regional and district civil courts; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit

Legal system

civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Legislative branch

unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) last held on 5 March 2016 (next to be held in March 2020) percent of vote by party - Smer-SD 28.3%, SaS 12.1%, OLaNO-NOVA 11%, SNS 8.6%, LSNS 8%, Sme-Rodina 6.6%, Most-Hid 6.5%, Siet 5.6%, other 13.3%; seats by party - Smer-SD 49, SaS 21, OLaNO-NOVA 19, SNS 15, LSNS 14, Sme-Rodina 11, Most-Hid 11, Siet 10

description

unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - Smer-SD 28.3%, SaS 12.1%, OLaNO-NOVA 11%, SNS 8.6%, LSNS 8%, Sme-Rodina 6.6%, Most-Hid 6.5%, Siet 5.6%, other 13.3%; seats by party - Smer-SD 49, SaS 21, OLaNO-NOVA 19, SNS 15, LSNS 14, Sme-Rodina 11, Most-Hid 11, Siet 10

elections

last held on 5 March 2016 (next to be held in March 2020)

National anthem

"Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Lightning Over the Tatras) Janko MATUSKA/traditional adopted 1993, in use since 1844; music based on the Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku"

lyrics/music

Janko MATUSKA/traditional

name

"Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Lightning Over the Tatras)

note

adopted 1993, in use since 1844; music based on the Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku"

National holiday

Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)

National symbol(s)

double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) surmounting three peaks; national colors: white, blue, red

double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) surmounting three peaks; national colors

white, blue, red

Political parties and leaders

Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Alojz HLINA] Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR] Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO] Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK] Kotleba-People's Party Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA] Network or Siet [Marek CEPKO, acting] Ordinary People and Independent Personalities - New Majority or OLaNO-NOVA [Igor MATOVIC] Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Jozsef MENYHART] Slovak National Party or SNS [Andrej DANKO] We Are Family or Sme-Rodina [Boris KOLLAR]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Alliance of Companies Employing 500 or More Employees or Klub500 Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic or AZZZ Medical Trade Association or LOZ National Union of Employers or RUZ Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry or SOPK The Business Alliance of Slovakia or PAS

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products

Budget

$35.79 billion $37.3 billion (2016 est.)

expenditures

$37.3 billion (2016 est.)

revenues

$35.79 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Central bank discount rate

0% (31 December 2016 est.) 0.05% (31 December 2015 est.) this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks from the euro area; Slovakia became a member of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 2009

note

this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks from the euro area; Slovakia became a member of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 2009

Commercial bank prime lending rate

2.55% (31 December 2016 est.) 2.78% (31 December 2015 est.)

Current account balance

$-653 million (2016 est.) $145.2 million (2015 est.)

Debt - external

$75.04 billion (31 March 2016 est.) $74.19 billion (31 March 2015 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

23.7 (2015) 26.1 (2014)

Economy - overview

Slovakia’s economy suffered from a slow start in the first years after its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993, due to the country’s authoritarian leadership and high levels of corruption, but economic reforms implemented after 1998 have placed Slovakia on a path of strong growth. With a population of 5.4 million, the Slovak Republic has a small, open economy driven mainly by automobile and electronics exports, which account for more than 80% of GDP. Slovakia joined the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009. The country’s banking sector is sound and predominantly foreign owned. Slovakia has been a regional FDI champion for several years, attractive due to a relatively low-cost yet skilled labor force, and a favorable geographic location in the heart of Central Europe. Among the most pressing domestic issues potentially threatening the attractiveness of the Slovak market are shortages in qualified labor force, persistent corruption issues, and an inadequate judiciary, as well as a lack of innovation. The energy sector in particular is characterized by unpredictable regulatory oversight and high costs, in part driven by government interference in regulated tariffs.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.9214 (2016 est.) 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.)

Exports

$75.53 billion (2016 est.) $73.33 billion (2015 est.)

Exports - commodities

vehicles and related parts 27%, machinery and electrical equipment 20%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, iron and steel 4%, mineral oils and fuels 5% (2015 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 21.9%, Czech Republic 11.9%, Poland 7.7%, France 6.1%, UK 5.9%, Austria 5.7%, Hungary 5.7%, Italy 4.8% (2016)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

54.7% 19.5% 20.2% 1.9% 93.8% -90.1% (2016 est.)

exports of goods and services

93.8%

government consumption

19.5%

household consumption

54.7%

imports of goods and services

-90.1% (2016 est.)

investment in fixed capital

20.2%

investment in inventories

1.9%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

3.8% 34.8% 61.4% (2016 est.)

agriculture

3.8%

industry

34.8%

services

61.4% (2016 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$31,300 (2016 est.) $30,400 (2015 est.) $29,300 (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

3.3% (2016 est.) 3.8% (2015 est.) 2.6% (2014 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$89.53 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$170 billion (2016 est.) $162.5 billion (2015 est.) $154.9 billion (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

Gross national saving

20.8% of GDP (2016 est.) 23.4% of GDP (2015 est.) 22.8% of GDP (2014 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

3.3% 19.3% (2015 est.)

highest 10%

19.3% (2015 est.)

lowest 10%

3.3%

Imports

$73.01 billion (2016 est.) $71.1 billion (2015 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment 20%, vehicles and related parts 14%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, fuel and mineral oils 9% (2015 est.)

Imports - partners

Germany 20.2%, Czech Republic 16.9%, Austria 9.8%, Poland 6.5%, Hungary 6.1%, South Korea 4.7%, China 4.6%, France 4.4% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate

5.2% (2016 est.)

Industries

automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-0.5% (2016 est.) -0.3% (2015 est.)

Labor force

2.759 million (2016 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

3.9% 22.7% 73.4% (2016)

agriculture

3.9%

industry

22.7%

services

73.4% (2016)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$4.492 billion (30 November 2016 est.) $4.634 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $4.732 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Population below poverty line

12.3% (2015 est.)

Public debt

51.9% of GDP (2016 est.) 52.5% of GDP (2015 est.) data cover general Government Gross Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

note

data cover general Government Gross Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.892 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.892 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of broad money

$59.48 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $58.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$15.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $10.52 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$54.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $51.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$70.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $67.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$45.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

note

see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

40% of GDP (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

9.6% (2016 est.) 11.5% (2015 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

31.1 million Mt (2015 est.)

Crude oil - exports

129.7 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - imports

115,600 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - production

200 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

9 million bbl (1 January 2017 es)

Electricity - consumption

25.87 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - exports

10.6 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

35.1% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

14.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

25.5% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

11.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - imports

13.25 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

7.11 million kW (2015 est.)

Electricity - production

24.85 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity access

100% (2016)

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

7.868 billion cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - exports

3 million cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - imports

4.407 billion cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - production

94 million cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2017 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

84,290 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

83,030 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

36,470 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

137,400 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 2 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 50 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 32 privately owned radio stations (2016)

Internet country code

.sk

Internet users

4,382,558 80.5% (July 2016 est.)

percent of population

80.5% (July 2016 est.)

total

4,382,558

Telephone system

a modern telecommunications system that has expanded dramatically in recent years with the growth of cellular services Slovak Telecom maintains a near monopoly on fixed-line service; four companies provide nationwide cellular services country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services (2017)

domestic

Slovak Telecom maintains a near monopoly on fixed-line service; four companies provide nationwide cellular services

general assessment

a modern telecommunications system that has expanded dramatically in recent years with the growth of cellular services

international

country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services (2017)

Telephones - fixed lines

823,594 15 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

15 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

823,594

Telephones - mobile cellular

6,989,902 128 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

128 (July 2016 est.)

total

6,989,902

Airports

35 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

11 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

3

2,438 to 3,047 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

3

over 3,047 m

2

total

21

under 914 m

11 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

5 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

9

total

14

under 914 m

5 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

OM (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

cargo 9, refrigerated cargo 2 11 (Germany 3, Ireland 1, Italy 2, Montenegro 1, Slovenia 1, Turkey 1, Ukraine 2) (2010)

by type

cargo 9, refrigerated cargo 2

foreign-owned

11 (Germany 3, Ireland 1, Italy 2, Montenegro 1, Slovenia 1, Turkey 1, Ukraine 2) (2010)

total

11

National air transport system

11,100 0 mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

0 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

11,100

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

23

number of registered air carriers

4

Pipelines

gas transmission pipelines 2,270 km; high-pressure gas distribution pipelines 6,278 km; mid- and low-pressure gas distribution pipelines 27,023 km (2016); oil 510 km (2015)

Ports and terminals

Bratislava, Komarno (Danube)

river port(s)

Bratislava, Komarno (Danube)

Railways

3,626 km 99 km 1.520-m gauge 3,477 km 1.435-m gauge (1,587 km electrified) 50 km 1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge (2016)

broad gauge

99 km 1.520-m gauge

narrow gauge

50 km 1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge (2016)

standard gauge

3,477 km 1.435-m gauge (1,587 km electrified)

total

3,626 km

Roadways

54,869 km (includes local roads, national roads, and 420 km of highways) (2012)

total

54,869 km (includes local roads, national roads, and 420 km of highways) (2012)

Waterways

172 km (on Danube River) (2012)

Military branches

Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily) (2010)

Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky)

Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily) (2010)

Military expenditures

1.16% of GDP (2016) 1.15% of GDP (2015) 1.01% of GDP (2014) 1% of GDP (2013) 1.2% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2006; women are eligible to serve (2012)

Disputes - international

bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented strict Schengen border rules

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market; consumer of ecstasy

Refugees and internally displaced persons

1,523 (2016)

stateless persons

1,523 (2016)