1981 Edition

Area

72,261 km2; 65% arable (6% of total land area under cultivation), 27% pasture, 4% swampland, 4% forested

618 kmz; 31% built-up area, roads, railroads, and airfields, 22% agricultural, 47% other

Budget

(1980/81) revenues $229.9 million, current expenditures $221.9 million, development expenditures $73.0 million

Coastline

402 km

193 km

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

Land boundaries

933 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

3 nm (fishing 12 nm)

Monetary conversion rate

1 leone= US$0.90 (1980/81)

Ethnic divisions

over 99% native African, rest European and Asian; 13 tribes

76.1% Chinese, 15.0% Malay, 6.9% Indians and Pakistani, 1.8% other

Labor force

about 1.5 million; most of population engages in subsistence agriculture; only small minority, some 65,000, earn wages

1,093,000; 2.2% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.2% mining and quarrying, 27.2% manufacturing, 30.5% services, 4.6% construction, 23.5% commerce, 11.7% transport, storage, and communications

Language

English official, but regular use limited to literate minority; principal vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; "Krio," the language of the resettled ex-slave population of the Freetown area, is used as a lingua franca

national language is Malay; Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English are official languages

Literacy

about 10%

84% (1980)

Nationality

noun — Sierra Leonean(s); adjective — Sierra Leonean

noun — Singaporean(s), adjective — Singapore

Organized labor

35% of wage earners

23.1% of labor force

Population

3,535,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.2%

2,472,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.2%

Religion

70% animist, 25% Muslim, 5% Christian

majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim; minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists

Branches

executive authority exercised by President; parliament consists of 104 authorized seats, 85 of which are filled by elected representatives of constituencies and 12 by Paramount Chiefs elected by fellow Paramount Chiefs in each district; President authorized to appoint up to seven members, of which two, currently, are filled by the heads of the Army and the Police; independent judiciary

ceremonial President; executive power exercised by Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to unitary legislature

Capital

Freetown

Singapore

Communists

no party, although there are a few Communists and a slightly larger number of sympathizers

200-500; Barisan Sosialis infiltrated by Communists

Elections

the Constitution of Sierra Leone Act, 1971, has been replaced by the Constitution of Sierra Leone, 1978, which provides for one-party rule; Dr. Siaka Stevens was named as the first Executive President under the one-party constitution; the President's tenure has been extended from five to seven years; next presidential election 1982 Political parties and leaders: All People's Congress (APC), headed by Stevens

normally every five years Political parties and leaders: government — People's Action Party (PAP), Lee Kuan Yew; opposition — Barisan Sosialis (BS), Dr. Lee Siew Choh; Workers' Party (WP), J. B. Jeyaretnam; United People's Front (UPF), Harbans Singh; Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), Chiam See Tong, Communist Party illegal Voting strength (1980 election): PAP won all 75 seats in Parliament and received 75.5% of vote; WP won seat in byelection in October 1981

Government leader

President Siaka P. STEVENS heads government composed of members of his APC political party

Government leaders

President C. V. Devan NAIR; Prime Minister LEE Kuan Yew

Legal system

based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; constitution adopted April 1971; highest court of appeal is the Sierra Leone Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on English common law; constitution based on preindependence State of Singapore constitution; legal education at University of Singapore; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

AFDB, AIOEC, Commonwealth, EGA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISCON, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

National Day, 19 April

9 August SINGAPORE (Continued)

Official name

Republic of Sierra Leone

Republic of Singapore

Political subdivisions

3 provinces; divided into 12 districts with 146 chief doms, where paramount chief and council of elders constitute basic unit of government; plus western area, which comprises Freetown and other coastal areas of the former colony

Suffrage

universal over age 21

universal over age 20; voting compulsory

Type

republic under presidential regime since April 1971

republic within Commonwealth since separation from Malaysia in August 1965

Agriculture

main crops — palm kernels, coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, millet, ginger, cassava; much of cultivated land devoted to subsistence farming; food crops insufficient for domestic consumption

occupies a position of minor importance in the economy, self-sufficient in pork, poultry, and eggs, must import much of its other food requirements; major crops — rubber, copra, fruit and vegetables

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries (1970-79), $216 million; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $302 million; military— US (FY70-80), $2 million

Budget

(FY80/81) revenues $3.1 billion, expenditures $2.9 billion, surplus $145 million; 24.8% military, 75.2% civilian

Electric power

95,000 kW capacity (1980); 213 million kWh produced (1980), 62 kWh per capita

1,650,000 kW capacity (1980); 7.26 billion kWh produced (1980), 3,000 kWh per capita

Exports

$230.0 million (f.o.b., 1979); diamonds, iron ore, palm kernels, cocoa, coffee

$19.4 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 37.7% reexports; petroleum products, rubber, manufactured goods

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March

Fishing

catch 50,080 metric tons (1978); imports $2.7 million (1974)

catch 15,532 metric tons (1980), imports— 80,440 metric tons (1980), exports— 48,704 metric tons (1980)

GDP

$900 million (1980), $265 per capita

$10.5 billion (1980 est), $4,340 per capita; 9.4% average annual real growth (1969-79), 10.2% (1980)

Imports

$304.2 million (f.o.b., 1979); machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, petroleum products

$24.0 billion (c.i.f., 1980); 30.5% goods reexported; major retained imports — capital equipment, manufactured goods, petroleum

Major industries

mining — diamonds, iron ore, bauxite, rutile; manufacturing — beverages, textiles, cigarettes, construction goods; 1 oil refinery

petroleum refining, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, electronics, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services

Major trade partners

UK, EC, US, Japan, Communist countries

exports — Malaysia, US, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Australia, Indonesia, West Germany; imports — Japan, US, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia

Monetary conversion rate

2.14 Singapore dollars=US$l (1980)

Airfields

16 total, 16 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

6 total, 6 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

no major transport aircraft

approx. 30 major transport aircraft

Highways

7,460 km total; 1,225 km bituminous, 490 km laterite (some gravel), and remainder improved earth

2,314 km total (1980); 2,006 km paved, 308 km crushed stone or improved earth

Inland waterways

800 km; 600 km navigable year round

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $20.2 million; about 7.4% of the central government budget Indian Ocean South China Sea M A I A Y Sj ' SINGAPORE

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1982, $716.5 million; about 15.6% of central government budget SOLOMON ISLANDS «. SOLOMON N, v, ISLANDS Horn •(!*•'.- Coral Sea

Military manpower

males 15-49, 771,000; 373,000 fit for military service; no conscription

males 15-49, 730,000; 574,000 fit for military service

Ports

1 major (Freetown), 2 minor

3 major, 2 minor

Railroads

about 84 km narrow gauge (1.067 m) privately owned mineral line operated by the Sierra Leone Development Company

38 km of meter gauge

Ships

13 coastal patrol, 6 amphibious ships (1 in reserve), 2 coastal minesweepers, 6 amphibious craft, 2 service craft; delivery of 12 new 23-meter patrol craft (swift Warrior class) began 1981

Telecommunications

telephone and telegraph are adequate; 16,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); INTELSAT Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES

good domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage; 625,130 telephones (26.5 per 100 popl.); 13 AM, 4 FM, and 2 TV stations; submarine cables extend to Hong Kong via Sabah, Philippines; 1 ground station to Hong Kong via Sabah, Malaysia; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES