1985 Edition

Agriculture

dates, grains, livestock; not selfsufficient in food except wheat

main crops — cotton, coffee, sisal on mainland; cloves and coconuts on Zanzibar

Aid

economic aid commitments from Western (non-US) countries (1970-79), ODA and OOF, $100 million; US, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $200 million

Airfields

74 total, 70 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 28 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

184 total, 156 usable; 59 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways over 3,659 m, 24 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

77 total, 71 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,2202,439 m

101 total, 94 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

Estimated at about 2,149,690 km2 (boundaries undefined and disputed); one-third the size of the US; 98% desert, waste, or urban; 1% agricultural; 1% forest

Branches

Royal Moroccan Army, Royal Moroccan Navy, Royal Moroccan Air Force

King rules in consultation with royal family and Council of Ministers

Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Navy

President Julius Nyerere has full executive authority on the mainland; National Assembly dominated by Nyerere and the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party); National Assembly consists of 233 members, 72 from Zanzibar, of whom 10 are directly elected, 65 appointed from the mainland, and 96 directly elected from the mainland (these numbers are slated to be changed when amendments to the Constitution are approved)

Tanzanian People's Defense Force includes Army, Navy, and Air Force; paramilitary Police Field Force Unit

Budget

(1984 est.) revenues, $4.5 billion; current expenditures, $3.6 billion; development expenditures, $2.0 billion

FY84 appropriations, $75.4 billion; current expenditures, $31.9 billion; capital expenditures, $43.5 billion

1983 — revenues $5.4 billion (excluding Arab aid payments); expenditures $8.6 billion

(1984/85) revenues, $891.8 million; current expenditures, $1.017 billion; development expenditures, $359.5 million

Capital

Riyadh; Foreign Ministry and foreign diplomatic representatives located in Riyadh

Dar es Salaam

Civil air

17 major transport aircraft

1 1 major transport aircraft

1 major transport aircraft

Civilair

162 major transport aircraft

Coastline

2,510 km People

1,424 km (this includes 113 km Mafia Island, 177 km Pemba Island, and 212 km Zanzibar) People

Communists

negligible

a few Communist sympathizers, especially on Zanzibar

Electric power

18,802,000 kW capacity (1984); 52.702 billion kWh produced (1984), 4,882 kWh per capita

429,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.127 billion kWh produced (1984), 53 kWh per capita

Ethnic d ivisions

90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian

Ethnic divisions

mainland — 99% native African consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1% Asian, European, and Arab; Zanzibar — almost all Arab

Exports

$48 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 99% petroleum and petroleum products

$396 million (f.o.b., 1984); coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, cloves, tobacco, tea, coconut products

External debt

$2.8 billion (1983); debt service ratio 68.1% (1984— not including IMF)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

follows Islamic year; the 1984-85 Saudi fiscal year covers the period 22 April 1984 to 22 March 1985 Communications

calendar year Communications

1 July-30 June Communications

GDP

$108 billion (FY84 est.), $10,335 per capita; annual growth in nonoil GDP in constant 1969/70 prices approx. 7% (1981-84)

$4.2billion(1984),$210per capita; real growth rate, 0.6% (1984 prelim.)

Government leader

FAHD bin 'Abd al- 'Aziz Al Sa'ud, King and Prime Minister (since 1982)

Government leaders

Julius Kambarage NYERERE, President (Chief Minister 196062; President since 1962); Ali Hassan MWINYI, Vice President (since April 1972) and President of Zanzibar (since October 1980); Salim Ahmed SALIM, Prime Minister (since November 1979)

Highways

55,970 km total; 24,700 km bituminous treated, 4,000 km gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 27,270 km unimproved earth

63,000 km total; 28,000 km bituminous, 39,000 km gravel and improved earth

16,939 km total; 12,051 km paved, 2,625 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,263 km improved earth

total 34,260 km, 3,620 km paved; 5,529 km gravel or crushed stone; remainder improved and unimproved earth

Imports

$39 billion (c.i.f., 1983); manufactured goods, transportation equipment, construction materials, and processed food products

$831 million (c.i.f., 1984); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs

Inland waterways

672 km; of little importance

1,168 km of navigable streams; several thousand km navigable on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Malawi

Labor force

about one-third (one-half foreign) of population; 45% commerce, services, government, and other; 30% agriculture; 15% construction; 5% industry; 5% oil and mining Government

208,680 in paid employment (1983); 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce

Land boundaries

4,537 km Water

3,883 km Water

Language

Arabic

Swahili and English (official); English primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education; Swahili widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first language of most people is one of the local languages; primary education is generally in Swahili

Legal system

based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on English common law; permanent constitution adopted 1977, replaced interim constitution adopted 1965; Zanzibar has its own constitution but remains subject to provisions of the union constitution; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Dar es Salaam; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone")

50 nm

Literacy

52%

79%

Major industries

petroleum production 4.5 million b/d (1984); oil revenue payments to Saudi Arabian Government, $39 billion (FY84); basic petrochemicals, cement production and small steel-rolling mill and oil refinery; several other light industries, including factories producing detergents, plastic products, furniture

primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products

Major trade partners

exports — Japan, US, France; imports — US, Japan, FRG

exports — FRG, UK, US; imports— FRG, UK, US, Iran

Member of

Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Maritime Satellite Organization, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 5,352,000; 3,306,000 fit for military service; 262,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription

males 15-49, 2,316,000; 1,298,000 fit for military service; about 109,000 reach military age (19) annually Land 942,623 km2 (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, 2,642 kmz); more than twice the size of California; forest 45%, meadow and pasture 37%, inland water 6%, arable 4%, crop 1%, other 7%

males 15-49, 4,569,000; 2,624,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

8.9 dirhams=US$l (average 1984)

3.56 Saudi riyals=US$l (October 1983)

3.925 Syrian pounds=US$l (official rate, February 1984); two other officially sanctioned rates — the "parallel" and "tourist" rates are determined by the government guided by supply and demand

17 Tanzanian shillings=US$l (14 June 1984)

National holiday

23 September

Union Day, 26 April; Independence Day, 9 December

Nationality

noun — Saudi(s); adjective — Saudi Arabian or Saudi

noun — Tanzanian(s); adjective— Tanzanian

Official name

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

United Republic of Tanzania

Organized labor

15% of labor force Government

Pipelines

362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas

6,000 km crude oil; 150 km refined products; 2,200 km natural gas, includes 1,600 km of natural gas liquids

1,304 km crude oil; 5 15 km refined products

982 km crude oil

Political subdivisions

14 provinces

25 regions — 20 on mainland, 5 on Zanzibar

Population

11, 152,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.3%

21,733,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2%

Ports

10 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 14 minor

6 major (Jiddah [Jeddah], Dammam, Ra's Tanura, Qizan, Jubail, Yanbu'), 17 mi-

3 major (Tartus, Latakia, Baniyas), 2

3 major (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga)

Railroads

1,756 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 161 km double track; 708 km electrified

575 km 1.435-meter standard gauge

1,543 km total; 1,281 km standard gauge, 262 km 1.050-meter narrow gauge

3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067meter gauge; 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track; 962 km Tan-Zam Railroad 1.067-meter gauge in Tanzania

Religion

100% Muslim

mainland — 33% Christian, 33% Muslim, 33% indigenous beliefs; Zanzibar — almost all Muslim

Suffrage

universal adult over age 18 Political party and leader: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party), only political party, dominated by Nyerere; has considerable power over domestic policies and the enforcement of them

Telecommunications

good system composed of wire lines, cables, and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier and Tetouan; 241,100 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 6 FM, 47 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; radio-relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Saraha; coaxial cable to Algeria Defense Forces

good system exists, major expansion program completed with extensive microwave and coaxial cable systems; 790,000 telephones (8.0 per 100 popl.); 21 AM, 2 FM, 63 TV stations; 2 Atlantic and 2 Indian Ocean satellite stations; radiorelay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAR, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait

fair system currently undergoing significant improvement; 472,000 telephones (4. 7 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM, 40 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 1 Intersputnik satellite station under construction; 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, and Lebanon (inactive) Defense Forces

fair system of open wire, radio relay, and troposcatter; 96,600 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, no FM, 2 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

Type

monarchy

republic; single party constitutionally supreme on the mainland and on Zanzibar

Voting strength

(October 1980 national elections) close to 7 million registered voters; Nyerere received 93% of about 6 million votes cast; general elections scheduled for late 1985