2019 Edition

Background

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Area

Land

61 sq km

Total

61 sq km

Water

0 sq km

Area Comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

Highest Point

Monte Titano 739 m

Lowest Point

Torrente Ausa 55 m

Environment Current Issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

Environment International Agreements

Party To

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

Signed But Not Ratified

Air Pollution

Geographic Coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography Note

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated Land

0 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

Border Countries

Italy 37 km

Total

37 km

Land Use

Agricultural Land

16.7% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Arable Land

16.7% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Crops

0% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Pasture

0% (2011 est.)

Forest

0% (2011 est.)

Other

83.3% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map References

Europe

Maritime Claims

none (landlocked)

Natural Hazards

occasional earthquakes

Natural Resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Age Structure

0 14 Years

15.04% (male 2,687 /female 2,392)

15 24 Years

11.59% (male 2,046 /female 1,869)

25 54 Years

40.23% (male 6,391 /female 7,198)

55 64 Years

13.35% (male 2,215 /female 2,294)

65 Years And Over

19.8% (male 3,006 /female 3,681) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

8.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

6.4% (2016)

Death Rate

8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Education Expenditures

3% of GDP (2017)

Ethnic Groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Hospital Bed Density

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant Mortality Rate

Female

4.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Italian

Life Expectancy at Birth

Female

86.2 years

Male

80.8 years

Total Population

83.4 years (2018 est.)

Major Urban Areas Population

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Median Age

Female

45.7 years

Male

43.5 years

Total

44.7 years (2018 est.)

Nationality

Adjective

Sammarinese

Noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net Migration Rate

7.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Physicians Density

6.15 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population

33,779 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.7% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

Female

16 years (2012)

Male

15 years

Total

15 years

Sex Ratio

0 14 Years

1.12 male(s)/female

15 24 Years

1.09 male(s)/female

25 54 Years

0.89 male(s)/female

55 64 Years

0.97 male(s)/female

65 Years And Over

0.82 male(s)/female

At Birth

1.09 male(s)/female

Total Population

0.94 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.51 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

Female

36% (2016 est.)

Male

21.4%

Total

27.4%

Urbanization

Rate Of Urbanization

0.67% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Urban Population

97.4% of total population (2019)

Administrative Divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

Daylight Saving Time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Geographic Coordinates

43 56 N, 12 25 E

Name

San Marino (city)

Time Difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship By Birth

no

Citizenship By Descent Only

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

Dual Citizenship Recognized

no

Residency Requirement For Naturalization

30 years

Constitution

Amendments

proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019 (2019)

History

San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974; Declaration last amended 2019

Country Name

Conventional Long Form

Republic of San Marino

Conventional Short Form

San Marino

Etymology

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

Local Long Form

Repubblica di San Marino

Local Short Form

San Marino

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate general in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

Chancery

327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 Embassy address: 1711 North Street, NW (2nd Floor) Washington, DC 22036

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)

Fax

[1] (212) 751-1436

Telephone

[1] (212) 751-1234 [1] (202) 223-24l8 [1] (202) 751-1436

Executive Branch

Cabinet

Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

Chief Of State

co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Luca BOSCHI and Captain Regent Mariella MULARONI (for the period 1 October 2019 - 31 March 2020)

Election Results

Luca BOSCHI (Civic 10) and Mariella MULARONI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

Elections Appointments

co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2019 (next to be held in March 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)

Head Of Government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016)

Flag Description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government Type

parliamentary republic

Independence

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial Branch

Highest Courts

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

Judge Selection And Term Of Office

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

Subordinate Courts

first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Legal System

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative Branch

Description

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

Election Results

percent of vote by coalition/party in the first round - San Marino First 41.7% (PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%, other 2.3%), Adesso.sm 31.4% (SSD 12.1%, RF 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%, other 0.5%), Democracy in Action 23.2% (RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%, other 0.4%), other 3.7%; percent of vote by coalition/party in the second round - Adesso.sm 57.9%, San Marino First 42.1%; seats by coalition/party - Adesso.sm 35 (SSD 14, RF 11, Civic 10 10), San Marino First 16 (PDCS 10, PS 3, PSD 3), Democracy in Action 9 (RETE Movement 8, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 1); composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%

Elections

last held on 20 November 2016 with a runoff held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)

National Anthem

Lyrics Music

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

Name

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

National Holiday

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

National Symbol S

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

Political Parties And Leaders

Adesso.sm (includes Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI], Civic 10 [Matteo CIACCI]) Democracy in Action (includes The RETE Movement) New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI] Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI] Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI] San Marino First (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI) Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI] Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI] United Left or SU [Gaston PASOLINI] We Sammarese or NS [Marco ARZILLI]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

Expenditures

715.3 million (2011 est.)

Revenues

667.7 million (2011 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-2.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

31 December 2010

5.38%

31 December 2011

5.92%

Current Account Balance

2016

$0

2017

$0

Debt External

NA

Economy Overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy.San Marino's economy contracted considerably in the years since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues all contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits.The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.

Exchange Rates

2013

0.7634

2014

0.885

2015

0.9214

2016

0.903

2017

0.885

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exports

2010

$2.576 billion

2011

$3.827 billion

Exports Commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Fiscal Year

calendar year

GDP Composition By End Use

Exports Of Goods And Services

176.6% (2011)

Government Consumption

NA (2011 est.)

Household Consumption

NA (2011 est.)

Imports Of Goods And Services

-153.3% (2011)

Investment In Fixed Capital

NA (2011 est.)

Investment In Inventories

NA (2011 est.)

GDP Composition By Sector Of Origin

Agriculture

0.1% (2009)

Industry

39.2% (2009)

Services

60.7% (2009)

GDP Official Exchange Rate

$1.643 billion (2017 est.)

GDP Per Capita Ppp

2015

$58,300

2016

$59,600

2017

$59,000

GDP Purchasing Power Parity

2015

$1.983 billion

2016

$2.026 billion

2017

$2.064 billion

GDP Real Growth Rate

2015

0.6%

2016

2.2%

2017

1.9%

Imports

2010

$2.132 billion

2011

$2.551 billion

Imports Commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy

Industrial Production Growth Rate

-1.1% (2012 est.)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

2016

0.6%

2017

1%

Labor Force

21,960 (September 2013 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

Agriculture

0.2%

Industry

33.5%

Services

66.3% (September 2013 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

NA

Public Debt

2016

22.5% of GDP

2017

24.1% of GDP

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

2013

$539.3 million

2014

$392 million

Stock Of Broad Money

31 December 2007

$4.584 billion

Stock Of Domestic Credit

30 September 2010

$8.822 billion

31 December 2009

$8.008 billion

Stock Of Narrow Money

31 December 2007

$1.326 billion

Taxes And Other Revenues

40.6% (of GDP) (2011 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2016

8.6%

2017

8.1%

Electricity Access

100% (2016)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

37 (2017 est.)

Total

12,500

Broadcast Media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

Internet Country Code

.sm

Internet Users

Percent Of Population

52.6% (July 2016 est.)

Total

17,200

Telephone System

Domestic

fixed-line 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 113 telephones per 100 persons (2018)

General Assessment

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018)

International

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Telephones Fixed Lines

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

47 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

15,800

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

113 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

38,000

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

T7 (2016)

Roadways

Paved

292 km (2006)

Total

292 km (2006)

Military And Security Forces

No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings). The Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters. (2019)

Military Note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military Service Age And Obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

Disputes International

none