2017 Edition

Background

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Area

61 sq km 61 sq km 0 sq km

land

61 sq km

total

61 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

NA lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 739 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

highest point

Monte Titano 739 m

mean elevation

NA

Environment - current issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling Air Pollution

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note

landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

37 km Italy 37 km

border countries (1)

Italy 37 km

total

37 km

Land use

16.7% arable land 16.7%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0% 0% 83.3% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

16.7%

forest

0%

other

83.3% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

occasional earthquakes

Natural resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Age structure

15.22% (male 2,709/female 2,396) 11.52% (male 2,003/female 1,861) 40.78% (male 6,435/female 7,240) 12.92% (male 2,142/female 2,191) 19.56% (male 2,945/female 3,615) (2017 est.)

0-14 years

15.22% (male 2,709/female 2,396)

15-24 years

11.52% (male 2,003/female 1,861)

25-54 years

40.78% (male 6,435/female 7,240)

55-64 years

12.92% (male 2,142/female 2,191)

65 years and over

19.56% (male 2,945/female 3,615) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

8.6 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Education expenditures

2.4% of GDP (2011)

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Health expenditures

6.1% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Hospital bed density

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births 4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

female

4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

male

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births

total

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Italian

Life expectancy at birth

83.3 years 80.8 years 86.1 years (2017 est.)

female

86.1 years (2017 est.)

male

80.8 years

total population

83.3 years

Major urban areas - population

SAN MARINO 4,000 (2014)

Median age

44.4 years 43.3 years 45.4 years (2017 est.)

female

45.4 years (2017 est.)

male

43.3 years

total

44.4 years

Nationality

Sammarinese (singular and plural) Sammarinese

adjective

Sammarinese

noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

7.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Physicians density

6.36 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population

33,537 (July 2017 est.)

Population growth rate

0.74% (2017 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

15 years 15 years 16 years (2012)

female

16 years (2012)

male

15 years

total

15 years

Sex ratio

1.1 male(s)/female 1.14 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female 0.89 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female 0.81 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.14 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years

0.89 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.81 male(s)/female

at birth

1.1 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.5 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

28% 22.9% 34.4% (2015 est.)

female

34.4% (2015 est.)

male

22.9%

total

28%

Urbanization

94.2% of total population (2017) 0.38% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.38% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

94.2% of total population (2017)

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

San Marino (city) 43 56 N, 12 25 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

43 56 N, 12 25 E

name

San Marino (city)

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino no 30 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

30 years

Constitution

consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974 proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)

amendments

proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)

history

consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974

Country name

Republic of San Marino San Marino Repubblica di San Marino San Marino named after Saint MARINUS, the traditional founder of the country

conventional long form

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form

San Marino

etymology

named after Saint MARINUS, the traditional founder of the country

local long form

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form

San Marino

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017) 1711 N Street NW, 2nd floor, Washington, DC 20036 202-250-1535 202-223-2748

chancery

1711 N Street NW, 2nd floor, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)

FAX

202-223-2748

telephone

202-250-1535

Executive branch

co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Mateo FIORINI and Captain Regent Enrico CARATTONI (for the period 1 October 2017 - 1 April 2018) Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016) Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2017 (next to be held in March 2018); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017) Mateo FIORINI (Popular Alliance) and Enrico CARATTONI (SSD) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

cabinet

Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

chief of state

co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Mateo FIORINI and Captain Regent Enrico CARATTONI (for the period 1 October 2017 - 1 April 2018)

election results

Mateo FIORINI (Popular Alliance) and Enrico CARATTONI (SSD) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

elections/appointments

co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2017 (next to be held in March 2018); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)

head of government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016)

note

the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers re

Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

highest court(s)

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts

first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms) last held on 20 November 2016 (next to be held by November 2021) percent of vote by party - San Marino First 39.4% (PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%), Adesso.sm 31.0% Democratic Socialist Left 12.1%, Repubblica Futura 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%), Democracy in Action 22.8% RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%); seats by party - San Marino First 25 (PDCS 16, PS 5, PSD 4), Adesso.sm 20 (Democratic Socialist Left 8, Repubblica Futura 6, Civic 10 6), Democracy in Action 15 RETE Movement 12, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 3)

description

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - San Marino First 39.4% (PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%), Adesso.sm 31.0% Democratic Socialist Left 12.1%, Repubblica Futura 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%), Democracy in Action 22.8% RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%); seats by party - San Marino First 25 (PDCS 16, PS 5, PSD 4), Adesso.sm 20 (Democratic Socialist Left 8, Repubblica Futura 6, Civic 10 6), Democracy in Action 15 RETE Movement 12, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 3)

elections

last held on 20 November 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)

National anthem

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

lyrics/music

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

name

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

note

adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

National holiday

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s)

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors

white, blue

Political parties and leaders

San Marino Common Good (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI], We Sammarinese or NS [Marco ARZILLI], Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI], Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI]) Entente for the Country (Intesa per il Paese; includes Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI], Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI) Active Citizenship (includes Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI], United Left or SU [Gastone PASOLINI])

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

$667.7 million $713.8 million (2011 est.)

expenditures

$713.8 million (2011 est.)

revenues

$667.7 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.92% (31 December 2011 est.) 5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)

Current account balance

$0 (2016 est.)

Debt - external

$NA

Economy - overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy. San Marino's economy has been contracting since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the recent global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues have contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government has adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.9214 (2016 est.) 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.)

Exports

$3.827 billion (2011 est.) $2.576 billion (2010 est.)

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

NA% NA% NA% NA% 176.6% -153.3% (2011)

exports of goods and services

176.6%

government consumption

NA%

household consumption

NA%

imports of goods and services

-153.3% (2011)

investment in fixed capital

NA%

investments in inventories

NA%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

0.1% 39.2% 60.7% (2009)

agriculture

0.1%

industry

39.2%

services

60.7% (2009)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$59,500 (2016 est.) $58,900 (2015 est.) $58,600 (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

1% (2016 est.) 0.5% (2015 est.) -0.9% (2014 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.591 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.023 billion (2016 est.) $1.978 billion (2015 est.) $1.947 billion (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$2.551 billion (2011 est.) $2.132 billion (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy

Industrial production growth rate

-1.1% (2012 est.)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.6% (2016 est.) 0.1% (2015 est.)

Labor force

21,960 (September 2013 es)

Labor force - by occupation

0.2% 33.5% 66.3% (September 2013 es)

agriculture

0.2%

industry

33.5%

services

66.3% (September 2013 es)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

21.6% of GDP (2016 est.) 19.7% of GDP (2015 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$392 million (2014 est.) $539.3 million (2013 est.)

Stock of broad money

$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010) $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of narrow money

$1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Taxes and other revenues

41.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate

8.6% (2016 est.) 8.1% (2013 est.)

Electricity access

100% (2016)

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2012)

Internet country code

.sm

Internet users

17,200 52.6% (July 2016 est.)

percent of population

52.6% (July 2016 est.)

total

17,200

Telephone system

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 155 telephones per 100 persons country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2016)

domestic

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 155 telephones per 100 persons

general assessment

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

16,000 48 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

48 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

16,000

Telephones - mobile cellular

36,570 110 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

110 (July 2016 est.)

total

36,570

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

T7 (2016)

Roadways

292 km 292 km (2006)

paved

292 km (2006)

total

292 km

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military branches

no regular military forces; voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

Disputes - international

none