2015 Edition

Background

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Area

land

61 sq km

total

61 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

highest point

Monte Titano 755 m

lowest point

Torrente Ausa 55 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands

Environment - international agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note

landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

border countries (1)

Italy 37 km

total

37 km

Land use

arable land 16.7%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0%

agricultural land

16.7%

forest

0%

other

83.3% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

NA

Natural resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Age structure

0-14 years

15.69% (male 2,756/female 2,424)

15-24 years

11.15% (male 1,890/female 1,792)

25-54 years

41.88% (male 6,518/female 7,310)

55-64 years

12.19% (male 2,009/female 2,015)

65 years and over

19.1% (male 2,822/female 3,484) (2015 est.)

Birth rate

8.63 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Death rate

8.45 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Health expenditures

6.5% of GDP (2013)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Hospital bed density

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate

female

4.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)

male

4.65 deaths/1,000 live births

total

4.45 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Italian

Life expectancy at birth

female

86.01 years (2015 est.)

male

80.69 years

total population

83.24 years

Major urban areas - population

SAN MARINO 4,000 (2014)

Median age

female

44.7 years (2015 est.)

male

42.9 years

total

43.9 years

Nationality

adjective

Sammarinese

noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

8.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Physicians density

5.1 physicians/1,000 population (2013)

Population

33,020 (July 2015 est.)

Population growth rate

0.82% (2015 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

female

16 years (2011)

male

15 years

total

15 years

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.14 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years

0.89 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.81 male(s)/female

at birth

1.1 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.49 children born/woman (2015 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.62% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

94.2% of total population (2015)

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

43 56 N, 12 25 E

name

San Marino

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

30 years

Constitution

consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974; latter document amended 2000, 2002, 2005 (2015)

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form

San Marino

local long form

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form

San Marino

note

named after the traditional founder of the country, Saint MARINUS

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

1711 N Street NW, 2nd floor, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI (since 16 July 2007)

FAX

202-223-2748

telephone

202-250-1535

Executive branch

cabinet

Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

chief of state

co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Lorella STEFANELLI and Captain Regent Nicola RENZI (for the period 1 October 2015 - 1 April 2016)

election results

Lorella STEFANELLI (PDCS) and Nicola RENZI (AP) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

elections/appointments

co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2015 (next to be held in March 2016); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)

head of government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI (since 5 December 2012)

note

the directly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects 2 of its members to serve as the captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a 6-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government type

republic

Independence

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts

first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch

description

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - San Marino Common Good coalition (San Marino Bene Comune) 50.7% (including PDCS 29.5%, PSD 14.3%, AP 6.7%), Entente for the Country coalition (Intesa per Il Paese) 22.3% (including PS 12.1%, UPR 8.4%, USDM 1.7%), Active Citizenry coalition (Cittadinanza Attiva) 16.1% (including SU 9.1%, Civic 10 6.7%), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 6.3%, For San Marino 2.8%, San Marino 3.0 1.8%; seats by party - San Marino Common Good coalition 35 (PDCS 21, PSD 10, AP 4), Entente for the Country coalition 12 (PS 7, UPR 5), Active Citizenry 9 (SU 5, Civic 10 4), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 4

elections

last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)

National anthem

lyrics/music

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

name

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

note

adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

National holiday

Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s)

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

Political parties and leaders

San Marino Common Good (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI], Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI], Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI])

Entente for the Country (Intesa per il Paese;includes Sammarinese Union of Moderates or USDM; dissolved after 2012 election, Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI], Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI)

Active Citizenship (includes Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI], United Left or SU [Gastone PASOLINI])

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

expenditures

$719.5 million (2011 est.)

revenues

$667.7 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.92% (31 December 2011 est.)

5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)

Debt - external

$NA

Economy - overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, the banking industry and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits. San Marino's economy has been contracting since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the recent global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues have contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government has adopted measures to counter the economic downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013 San Marino's Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.7489 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)

0.78 2012 est.)

0.7185 (2011 est.)

0.755 (2010 est.)

Exports

$3.827 billion (2011 est.)

$2.576 billion (2010 est.)

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Exports - partners

Italy 82.3% (2012 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

176.6%

imports of goods and services

-153.3% (2011)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

0.1%

industry

39.2%

services

60.7% (2009)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$60,900 (2014 est.)

$61,500 (2013 est.)

$64,400 (2012 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

-1% (2014 est.)

-4.5% (2013 est.)

-7.5% (2012 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.786 billion (2014 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.914 billion (2014 est.)

$1.933 billion (2013 est.)

$2.024 billion (2012 est.)

note

data are in 2014 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$2.551 billion (2011 est.)

$2.132 billion (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy

Imports - partners

Italy 81.8% (2012 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-1.1% (2012 est.)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.1% (2014 est.)

1.3% (2013 est.)

Labor force

21,960 (September 2013 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture

0.2%

industry

33.5%

services

66.3% (September 2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

25.8% of GDP (2013 est.)

20.3% of GDP (2012 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$392 million (2014 est.)

$539.3 million (2013 est.)

Stock of broad money

$NA

$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010)

$8.008 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of narrow money

$NA

$1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Taxes and other revenues

37.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate

8.7% (2014 est.)

8.1% (2013 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2012)

Internet country code

.sm

Internet users

percent of population

52.6% (2014 est.)

total

17,200

Radio broadcast stations

AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2008)

Telephone system

domestic

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 170 telephones per 100 persons

general assessment

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

57 (2014 est.)

total subscriptions

18,600

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

115 (2014 est.)

total

37,600

Television broadcast stations

1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)

Roadways

paved

292 km (2006)

total

292 km

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49

6,892 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

females age 16-49

6,067 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

5,565

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

female

166 (2010 est.)

male

186

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military branches

no regular military forces; voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

Disputes - international

none