2012 Edition

Background

The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Area

61 sq km 61 sq km 0 sq km

total

61 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one third times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

Torrente Ausa 55 m Monte Titano 755 m

highest point

Monte Titano 755 m

lowest point

Torrente Ausa 55 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling Air Pollution

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note

landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

39 km Italy 39 km

border countries

Italy 39 km

total

39 km

Land use

16.67% 0% 83.33% (2005)

arable land

16.67%

other

83.33% (2005)

permanent crops

0%

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

NA

Natural resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Age structure

16.4% (male 2,814/ female 2,469) 65.3% (male 10,164/ female 10,833) 18.2% (male 2,607/ female 3,253) (2012 est.)

0-14 years

16.4% (male 2,814/ female 2,469)

15-64 years

65.3% (male 10,164/ female 10,833)

65 years and over

18.2% (male 2,607/ female 3,253) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

8.9 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Death rate

8.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Health expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Infant mortality rate

4.65 deaths/1,000 live births 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

female

4.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

total

4.65 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Italian

Life expectancy at birth

83.07 years 80.55 years 85.81 years (2012 est.)

female

85.81 years (2012 est.)

total population

83.07 years

Literacy

age 10 and over can read and write 96% 97% 95%

definition

age 10 and over can read and write

female

95%

male

97%

total population

96%

Median age

42.8 years 41.9 years 43.6 years (2012 est.)

female

43.6 years (2012 est.)

male

41.9 years

total

42.8 years

Nationality

Sammarinese (singular and plural) Sammarinese

adjective

Sammarinese

noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

8.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Population

32,140 (July 2012 est.)

Population growth rate

0.98% (2012 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

Sex ratio

1.09 male(s)/female 1.14 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female 0.8 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.8 male(s)/female

at birth

1.09 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.14 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

1.48 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Urbanization

94% of total population (2010) 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

94% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

San Marino 43 56 N, 12 25 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

43 56 N, 12 25 E

name

San Marino

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Country name

Republic of San Marino San Marino Repubblica di San Marino San Marino

conventional long form

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form

San Marino

local long form

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form

San Marino

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI 888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006 202-337-2260

chancery

888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006

chief of mission

Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI

telephone

202-337-2260

Executive branch

Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Teodoro LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Denise GRONZETTI (for the period 1 October 2012-1 April 2013) Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008) Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in 17 Septermber 2012 (next to be held in March 2013); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013) Teodoro LONFERNINI and Denise BRONZETTI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

cabinet

Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term

chief of state

Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Teodoro LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Denise GRONZETTI (for the period 1 October 2012-1 April 2013)

election results

Teodoro LONFERNINI and Denise BRONZETTI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA

elections

co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in 17 Septermber 2012 (next to be held in March 2013); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)

head of government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers re

Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government type

republic

Independence

3 September 301

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017) percent of vote by party - San Marino Common Good coalition (San Marino Bene Comune) 50.7% (PDCS 29.5%, PSD 14.3%, AP 6.7%), Entente for the Country coalition (Intesa per Il Paese) 22.3% (PS 12.1%, UPR 8.4%, USDM 1.7%), Active Citizenry coalition (Cittadinanza Attiva) 16.1% (SU 9.1%, Civic 10 6.7%), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 6.3%, For San Marino 2.8%, San Marino 3.0 1.8%; seats by party - San Marino Common Good coalition 35 (PDCS 21, PSD 10, AP 4), Entente for the Country coalition 12 (PS 7, UPR 5), Active Citizenry 9 (SU 5, Civic 10 4), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 4

election results

percent of vote by party - San Marino Common Good coalition (San Marino Bene Comune) 50.7% (PDCS 29.5%, PSD 14.3%, AP 6.7%), Entente for the Country coalition (Intesa per Il Paese) 22.3% (PS 12.1%, UPR 8.4%, USDM 1.7%), Active Citizenry coalition (Cittadinanza Attiva) 16.1% (SU 9.1%, Civic 10 6.7%), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 6.3%, For San Marino 2.8%, San Marino 3.0 1.8%; seats by party - San Marino Common Good coalition 35 (PDCS 21, PSD 10, AP 4), Entente for the Country coalition 12 (PS 7, UPR 5), Active Citizenry 9 (SU 5, Civic 10 4), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 4

elections

last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)

National anthem

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) none/Federico CONSOLO adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

lyrics/music

none/Federico CONSOLO

name

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

National holiday

Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s)

three peaks each displaying a tower

Political parties and leaders

San Marino Common Good Christian Democrats or PDCS [Marco GATTI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Gerardo GIOVAGNOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Mario VETURINI]; Entente for the Country Socialist Party or PS [Augusto CASALI]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; Union of Moderates; note - believed to have been dismantled; Active Citizenship United Left or SU; Civic 10; Civic Movement R.E.T.E. (Network); For San Marino [Emilio DELLA BALDA]; San Marino 3.0 [Simone DELLA VALLE]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

$882.1 million $940.4 million (2009)

expenditures

$940.4 million (2009)

revenues

$882.1 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.2% of GDP (2009)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.92% (31 December 2011 est.) 5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)

Debt - external

$NA

Economy - overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on its banking industry and on the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of the food San Marino consumes. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino does not issue public debt securities, and when necessary, finances its deficits by drawing down deposits at its central bank. San Marino's economy encounted setbacks in recent years as a result of weak demand from Italy - which accounts for 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Italy's implementation in October 2009 of a tax amnesty to repatriate untaxed funds held abroad has resulted in financial outflows from San Marino to Italy worth more than $4.5 billion. These outflows have contributed to a consolidation in the financial sector. Bank difficulties, combined with a money-laundering scandal at San Marino's largest financial institution and with the recent global economic downturn, have led to a deep recession, a growing budget deficit, and a higher level of debt. The government has adopted measures to counter the economic downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses. San Marino also continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU members and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. San Marino's government continues to work with Italy to ratify a financial information exchange agreement, seen by businesses and investors as crucial to strengthening the economic relationship between the two countries.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7838 (2011) 0.7185 (2010) 755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports

$2.576 billion (2010 est.) $2.436 billion (2009)

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition by sector

0.1% 39.2% 60.7% (2009)

agriculture

0.1%

industry

39.2%

services

60.7% (2009)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$36,200 (2009) $41,900 (2007)

GDP - real growth rate

-2.6% (2012 est.) -2.6% (2011 est.) -5.2% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.85 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.357 billion (2012 est.) $1.393 billion (2011 est.) $1.43 billion (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$2.132 billion (2010 est.) $2.165 billion (2009)

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Industrial production growth rate

7.6% (2010 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.1% (December 2011) -3.5% (2008)

Labor force

22,050 (December 2011)

Labor force - by occupation

0.2% 36.3% 63.5% (June 2010 est.)

agriculture

0.2%

industry

36.3%

services

63.5% (June 2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Stock of broad money

$NA (31 December 2011) $4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010) $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of narrow money

$NA (31 December 2011) $1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Taxes and other revenues

47.7% of GDP (2009)

Unemployment rate

5.5% (2011) 4.9% (2010)

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 2 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2008)

Internet country code

.sm

Internet hosts

11,015 (2012)

Internet users

17,000 (2009)

Telephone system

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 170 telephones per 100 persons country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

domestic

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 170 telephones per 100 persons

general assessment

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Telephones - main lines in use

18,700 (2011)

Telephones - mobile cellular

35,500 (2011)

Roadways

292 km 292 km (2006)

total

292 km

Manpower available for military service

6,892 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

6,892 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

5,565 6,067 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

6,067 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

5,565

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

166 (2010 est.)

female

166 (2010 est.)

male

186

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military branches

no regular military forces; voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)

Military expenditures

NA

Military service age and obligation

16-55 for voluntary service in Voluntary Military Force (2006)

Disputes - international

none