2011 Edition

Background

The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Area

61 sq km 61 sq km 0 sq km

total

61 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one third times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

Torrente Ausa 55 m Monte Titano 755 m

highest point

Monte Titano 755 m

lowest point

Torrente Ausa 55 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling Air Pollution

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note

landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

39 km Italy 39 km

border countries

Italy 39 km

total

39 km

Land use

16.67% 0% 83.33% (2005)

arable land

16.67%

other

83.33% (2005)

permanent crops

0%

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

NA

Natural resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Age structure

16.6% (male 2,821/female 2,474) 65.4% (male 10,076/female 10,734) 18% (male 2,537/female 3,175) (2011 est.)

0-14 years

16.6% (male 2,821/female 2,474)

15-64 years

65.4% (male 10,076/female 10,734)

65 years and over

18% (male 2,537/female 3,175) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

9.02 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Death rate

7.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Health expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Infant mortality rate

4.72 deaths/1,000 live births 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

female

4.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

total

4.72 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Italian

Life expectancy at birth

83.01 years 80.5 years 85.74 years (2011 est.)

female

85.74 years (2011 est.)

total population

83.01 years

Literacy

age 10 and over can read and write 96% 97% 95%

definition

age 10 and over can read and write

female

95%

male

97%

total population

96%

Median age

42.5 years 41.7 years 43.2 years (2011 est.)

female

43.2 years (2011 est.)

male

41.7 years

total

42.5 years

Nationality

Sammarinese (singular and plural) Sammarinese

adjective

Sammarinese

noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

9.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Physicians density

47.35 physicians/1,000 population (1990)

Population

31,817 (July 2011 est.)

Population growth rate

1.043% (2011 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

NA

Sex ratio

1.095 male(s)/female 1.14 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female 0.8 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.8 male(s)/female

at birth

1.095 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.14 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

1.47 children born/woman (2011 est.)

Urbanization

94% of total population (2010) 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

94% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

San Marino 43 56 N, 12 25 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

43 56 N, 12 25 E

name

San Marino

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Country name

Republic of San Marino San Marino Repubblica di San Marino San Marino

conventional long form

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form

San Marino

local long form

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form

San Marino

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI 888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006 202-337-2260

chancery

888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006

chief of mission

Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI

telephone

202-337-2260

Executive branch

Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Gabrielle GATTI and Captain Regent Matteo FIORINI (for the period 1 October 2011-1 April 2012) Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008) Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2010 (next to be held in March 2011); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013) Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI and Andrea ZAFFERANI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

cabinet

Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term

chief of state

Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Gabrielle GATTI and Captain Regent Matteo FIORINI (for the period 1 October 2011-1 April 2012)

election results

Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI and Andrea ZAFFERANI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA

elections

co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2010 (next to be held in March 2011); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)

head of government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers re

Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government type

republic

Independence

3 September 301

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013) percent of vote by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2% (PDCS 31.9%, AP 11.5%, Freedom List 6.3%, San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%), Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8% (Party of Socialists and Democrats 32%, United Left 8.6%, Democrats of the Center 4.9%); seats by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 35 (PDCS 22, AP 7, the Freedom List 4, San Marino Union of Moderates 2), Reforms and Freedom coalition 25 (Party of Socialists and Democrats 18, United Left 5, Democrats of the Center 2)

election results

percent of vote by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2% (PDCS 31.9%, AP 11.5%, Freedom List 6.3%, San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%), Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8% (Party of Socialists and Democrats 32%, United Left 8.6%, Democrats of the Center 4.9%); seats by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 35 (PDCS 22, AP 7, the Freedom List 4, San Marino Union of Moderates 2), Reforms and Freedom coalition 25 (Party of Socialists and Democrats 18, United Left 5, Democrats of the Center 2)

elections

last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013)

National anthem

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) none/Federico CONSOLO adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

lyrics/music

none/Federico CONSOLO

name

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

National holiday

Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s)

three peaks each displaying a tower

Political parties and leaders

Christian Democrats or PDCS [Marco GATTI]; Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Center or DdC [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; Freedom List (including NPS and We Sammarinesi) or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]; New Socialist Party or NPS [Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [Paride ANDREOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]; Union of Moderates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glauco SANSOVINI] and San Marino Populars or POP [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI]; United Left or SU [Alessandro ROSSI]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

$882.1 million $940.4 million (2009)

expenditures

$940.4 million (2009)

revenues

$882.1 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.8% of GDP (2009)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.39% (September 2010) 5.74% (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external

$NA

Economy - overview

San Marino's economy relies heavily on its tourism and banking industries, as well as on the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. San Marino has recently faced increased international pressure to improve cooperation with foreign tax authorities and transparency within its own banking sector, which generates about one-fifth of the country's tax revenues. Italy's implementation in October 2009 of a tax amnesty to repatriate untaxed funds held abroad has resulted in financial outflows from San Marino to Italy worth more than $4.5 billion. Such outflows, combined with a money-laundering scandal at San Marino's largest financial institution and the recent global economic downturn, have contributed to a deep recession and growing budget deficit. Industrial production declined sharply in 2010, especially in the textile sector. However, San Marino has little national debt, and an unemployment rate less than half the size of Italy's. The San Marino government has adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses. San Marino also continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU members and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully implement global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. The future of the country's economy will be heavily influenced by the signing of a financial information exchange agreement with Italy, which many Italian investors see as fundamental for their business operations with San Marino.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.755 (2010) 0.7179 (2009) 0.6734 (2008) 0.7345 (2007) 0.7964 (2006)

Exports

$2.436 billion (2009) $4.628 billion (2007)

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

GDP - composition by sector

0.1% 39.2% 60.7% (2009)

agriculture

0.1%

industry

39.2%

services

60.7% (2009)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$36,200 (2009) $41,900 (2007)

GDP - real growth rate

-13% (2009 est.) 4.3% (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.535 billion (2009)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.137 billion (2009) $850 million (2004 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$2.165 billion (2009) $3.744 billion (2007)

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Industrial production growth rate

-4.9% (2009)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.8% (June 2010) -3.5% (2008)

Labor force

22,950 (June 2010)

Labor force - by occupation

0.2% 36.3% 63.5% (June 2010 est.)

agriculture

0.2%

industry

36.3%

services

63.5% (June 2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Stock of broad money

$NA (31 December 2008) $4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010) $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of narrow money

$NA (31 December 2008) $1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Taxes and other revenues

57.5% of GDP (2009)

Unemployment rate

3.8% (November 2010) 3.1% (2008)

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 2 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2008)

Internet country code

.sm

Internet hosts

8,895 (2010)

Internet users

17,000 (2009)

Telephone system

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 150 telephones per 100 persons country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

domestic

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 150 telephones per 100 persons

general assessment

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Telephones - main lines in use

21,700 (2010)

Telephones - mobile cellular

24,000 (2010)

Roadways

292 km 292 km (2006)

total

292 km

Manpower available for military service

6,892 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

6,892 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

5,565 6,067 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

6,067 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

5,565

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

166 (2010 est.)

female

166 (2010 est.)

male

186

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military branches

no regular military forces; voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)

Military expenditures

NA

Military service age and obligation

16-55 for voluntary service in Voluntary Military Force (2006)

Disputes - international

none