1999 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1999 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Area
total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area--comparative
about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation extremes
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 749 m
Environment--current issues
NA
Environment--international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Geographic coordinates
43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography--note
landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Irrigated land
NA sq km
Land boundaries
total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use
arable land: 17% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: 83% (1993 est.)
Location
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references
Europe
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
NA
Natural resources
building stone
Terrain
rugged mountains
People and Society
Age structure
0-14 years: 16% (male 2,008; female 2,036) 15-64 years: 67% (male 8,501; female 8,294) 65 years and over: 17% (male 1,774; female 2,448) (1999 est.)
Birth rate
10.41 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate
8.22 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Ethnic groups
Sammarinese, Italian
Infant mortality rate
5.39 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Languages
Italian
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.47 years male: 77.59 years female: 85.35 years (1999 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Nationality
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Net migration rate
4.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Population
25,061 (July 1999 est.)
Population growth rate
0.64% (1999 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic
Sex ratio
at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.51 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Government
Administrative divisions
9 municipalities (castelli, singular--castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Capital
San Marino
Constitution
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Data code
SM
Executive branch
chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Pietro BERTI and Captain Regent Paolo BOLLINI (for the period 1 October 1998-31 March 1999) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 1998 (next to be held NA March 1999); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003) election results: Pietro BERTI and Paolo BOLLINI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote--NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote--NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state--Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance--and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Flag description
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Government type
republic
Independence
301 (by tradition)
International organization participation
CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO Diplomatic representation in the US: San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Judicial branch
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party or PDCS MACINA, secretary general]; Reformist Socialists or RS (formerly San
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
unicameral Great and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held by NA May 2003) election results: percent of vote by party--PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, AP 9.8%, RC 3.3%, Reformist Socialists 4.2%; seats by party--PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, AP 6, RC 2, RS 2
National holiday
Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Economy
Agriculture--products
wheat, grapes, maize, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Budget
revenues: $320 million expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $26 million (1995 est.)
Currency
1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note--also mints its own coins
Debt--external
$NA
Economic aid--recipient
$NA
Economy--overview
The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1995 more than 3.3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity--consumption
NA kWh
Electricity--exports
NA kWh
Electricity--imports
NA kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity--production
NA kWh
Electricity--production by source
fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Exchange rates
Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,668.7 (January 1998),1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996), 1,628.9 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994)
Exports
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports--commodities
building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
purchasing power parity--$500 million (1997 est.)
GDP--composition by sector
agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP--per capita
purchasing power parity?$20,000 (1997 est.)
GDP--real growth rate
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports--commodities
wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Industrial production growth rate
NA%
Industries
tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
5.3% (1995)
Labor force
15,600 (1995)
Labor force--by occupation
services 55%, industry 43%, agriculture 2% (1995)
Population below poverty line
NA%
Unemployment rate
3.6% (April 1996)
Communications
Radio broadcast stations
AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios
15,000 (1994 est.)
Telephone system
domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian network; no satellite earth stations
Telephones
15,000 (1995 est.)
Television broadcast stations
1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Televisions
9,000 (1994 est.)
Transportation
Airports
none
Highways
total: 220 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km Ports and harbors: none
Railways
0 km; note--there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Military and Security
Military branches
Voluntary Military Force, Police Force
Military expenditures--dollar figure
$3.7 million (1995)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP
1% (1995)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international
none