1996 Edition

Description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Location

43 46 N, 12 25 E -- Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy Flag ----

Area

comparative area

about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

land area

60 sq km

total area

60 sq km

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Environment

current issues

NA

international agreements

party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution

natural hazards

NA

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geographic note

landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

International disputes

none

Irrigated land

NA sq km

Land boundaries

border country

Italy 39 km

total

39 km

Land use

arable land

17%

forest and woodland

0%

meadows and pastures

0%

other

83%

permanent crops

0%

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

highest point

Monte Titano 749 m

lowest point

Fiume Ausa 55 m

Age structure

0-14 years: 16% (male 1,978; female 1,967) 15-64 years: 68% (male 8,401; female 8,249) 65 years and over: 16% (male 1,648; female 2,278) (July 1996 est.)

Birth rate

10.81 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate

7.79 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Ethnic divisions

Sammarinese, Italian

Infant mortality rate

5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Languages

Italian

Life expectancy at birth

female

85.3 years (1996 est.)

male

77.34 years

total population

81.32 years

Literacy

age 10 and over can read and write (1976 est.)

female

95%

male

97%

total population

96%

Nationality

adjective

Sammarinese

noun

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

5.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Population

24,521 (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate

0.82% (1996 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

Sex ratio

all ages

0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

at birth

1 male(s)/female

under 15 years

1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

1.52 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle

Capital

San Marino

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Data code

SM

Diplomatic representation in US

San Marino does not have an embassy in the US

honorary consulate(s)

Detroit

honorary consulate(s) general

Washington and New York

Executive branch

cabinet

Congress of State was elected for a five-year term by the Great and General Council

co-chiefs of state

Captain Regent Piero Paolo GASPERONI and Captain Regent Pietro BUGLI (for the period 1 April-30 September 1996) were elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term

head of government

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) was elected for a five-year term by the Great and General Council; election last held NA 1993 (next to be held NA 1998)

note

the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs of State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council; assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

Flag

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Great and General Council

(Consiglio Grande e Generale) elections last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by NA May 1998); results - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, AP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - (60 total) PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, AP 4, MD 3, RC 2

Independence

301 AD (by tradition)

International organization participation

CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)

Legal system

based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral

Name of country

conventional long form

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form

San Marino

local long form

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form

San Marino

National holiday

Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September

Political parties and leaders

Christian Democratic Party (PDCS), Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general; Democratic Progressive Party (PDP - formerly San Marino Communist Party (PSS)), Stefano MACINA, secretary general; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general; Democratic Movement (MD), Massimo TONTI; Popular Alliance (AP), Tito MASI; Communist Refoundation (RC), Paolo GIOVAGNOLI

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Type of government

republic

US diplomatic representation

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino

Agriculture

wheat, grapes, maize, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, meat, cheese, hides

Budget

expenditures

$320 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)

revenues

$320 million

Currency

1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins

Economic aid

recipient

ODA, $NA

Economic overview

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1993 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.

Electricity

supplied by Italy

Exchange rates

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,583.8 (January 1996), 1,629.2 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991)

Exports

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;

commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics

External debt

$NA

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP

purchasing power parity - $380 million (1993 est.)

GDP composition by sector

agriculture

NA%

industry

NA%

services

NA%

GDP per capita

$15,800 (1993 est.)

GDP real growth rate

2.4% (1993 est.)

Imports

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;

commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Industries

tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5.5% (1993)

Labor force

14,874 (1993 est.)

by occupation

industry 40%, agriculture 2%

Unemployment rate

4.9% (December 1993)

Branches

Voluntary Military Force, Police Force

Defense expenditures

$3.7 million (1% of GDP) (1992 est.)

Manpower availability

males age 15-49

NA

males fit for military service

NA

Radio broadcast stations

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (1 private radio broadcast station)

Radios

12,535 (1991 est.)

Telephone system

domestic

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international

microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian network; no satellite earth stations

Telephones

22,300 (1992 est.)

Television broadcast stations

1 (1991 est.)

note

receives broadcasts from Italy

Televisions

7,500 (1992 est.) Defense

Airports

none

Highways

paved

NA km

total

220 km

unpaved

NA km

Ports

none

Railways

0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore