1995 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1995 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Area
total area: 60 sq km land area: 60 sq km comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Environment
international agreements: NA current issues: NA natural hazards: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution
International disputes
none
Irrigated land
NA sq km
Land boundaries
total 39 km, Italy 39 km
Land use
arable land: 17% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 83%
Location
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references
Europe
Maritime claims
none; landlocked
Natural resources
building stone
Note
landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Terrain
rugged mountains
People and Society
Age structure
0-14 years: 16% (female 1,944; male 1,962) 15-64 years: 68% (female 8,243; male 8,354) 65 years and over: 16% (female 2,198; male 1,612) (July 1995 est.)
Birth rate
10.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate
7.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Ethnic divisions
Sammarinese, Italian
Infant mortality rate
5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Labor force
4,300 (est.) by occupation: industry 42%, agriculture 3%
Languages
Italian
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.27 years male: 77.26 years female: 85.29 years (1995 est.)
Literacy
age 10 and over can read and write (1976) total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95%
Nationality
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Net migration rate
5.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Population
24,313 (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate
0.88% (1995 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic
Total fertility rate
1.52 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Government
Administrative divisions
9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Capital
San Marino
Constitution
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Digraph
SM
Diplomatic representation in US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit
Executive branch
co-chiefs of state: Captain Regent Marino BOLLINI and Captain Regent Settimio LONFERNINI (for the period 1 April 1995-30 September 1995) head of government: Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs of State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council; assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has come to assume many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Flag
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Great and General Council
(Consiglio Grande e Generale) elections last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by NA May 1998); results - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, ADP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - (60 total) PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, ADP 4, MD 3, RC 2
Independence
301 AD (by tradition)
Judicial branch
Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
unicameral
Member of
CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
Names
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
National holiday
Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September
Political parties and leaders
Christian Democratic Party (PDCS), Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general; Democratic Progressive Party (PDP - formerly San Marino Communist Party (PSS)), Stefano MACINA, secretary general; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general; Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA; Popular Democratic Alliance (ADP); Communist Refoundation (RC), Guiseppe AMICHI, Renato FABBRI; Moderate Group, Alvaro SELVA; Social Democratic Party
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Type
republic
US diplomatic representation
no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Economy
Agriculture
employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses
Budget
revenues: $275 million expenditures: $275 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)
Currency
1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins
Economic aid
$NA
Electricity
supplied by Italy
Exchange rates
Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)
Exports
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics
External debt
$NA
Fiscal year
calendar year
Imports
wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Industrial production
growth rate NA%; accounts for 42% of labor force
Industries
tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
5.5% (1993)
National product
GDP - purchasing power parity - $380 million (1993 est.)
National product per capita
$15,800 (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate
2.4% (1993 est.)
Overview
The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1993 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Unemployment rate
4.9% (December 1993)
Communications
Radio
broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA
Telephone system
11,700 telephones; automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system local: NA intercity: NA international: microwave and cable links into Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities
Television
broadcast stations: NA; note - receives broadcasts from Italy televisions: NA
Transportation
Airports
none
Highways
total: 104 km paved: NA unpaved: NA
Ports
none
Railroads
0 km
Military and Security
Branches
public security or police force
Defense expenditures
$3.7 million (1992 est.), 1% of GDP ________________________________________________________________________ SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE