1993 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1993 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Area
total area: 60 km2 land area: 60 km2 comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Environment
dominated by the Appenines
International disputes
none
Irrigated land
NA
Land boundaries
total 39 km, Italy 39 km
Land use
arable land: 17% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 83%
Location
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references
Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Maritime claims
none; landlocked
Natural resources
building stone
Note
landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco
Terrain
rugged mountains
People and Society
Birth rate
11.32 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate
7.25 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Ethnic divisions
Sammarinese, Italian
Infant mortality rate
5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Labor force
4,300 (est.) by occupation: NA
Languages
Italian
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.18 years male: 77.09 years female: 85.27 years (1993 est.)
Literacy
age 14 and over can read and write (1976) total population: 96% male: 96% female: 95%
Nationality
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Net migration rate
6.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Population
23,855 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate
1.01% (1993 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic
Total fertility rate
1.54 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Government
Administrative divisions
9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Capital
San Marino
Co-Chiefs of State
Captain Regent Patricia BUSIGNANI and Captain Regent Salvatore TONELLI (for the period 1 April - 30 September 1993)
Constitution
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Digraph
SM
Diplomatic representation in US
honorary consulates general: Washington and New York honorary consulate: Detroit
Executive branch
two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet); real executive power is wielded by the secretary of state for foreign affairs and the secretary of state for internal affairs
Flag
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Great and General Council
last held 29 May 1988 (next to be held by NA May 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
Head of Government
Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July 1986)
Independence
301 AD (by tradition)
Judicial branch
Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
unicameral Great and General Council (Consiglio Grande e Generale)
Member of
CE, CSCE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
Names
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
National holiday
Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September
Political parties and leaders
Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Piermarino MENICUCCI; San Marino Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS) formerly San Marino Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto GHIOTTI; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Remy GIACOMINI; Unitary Socialst Party (PSU); Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA; San Marino Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Augusto CASALI; San Marino Republican Party (PRS), Cristoforo BUSCARINI
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Type
republic
US diplomatic representation
no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Economy
Agriculture
employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses; depends on Italy for food imports
Budget
revenues $NA; expenditures $300 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)
Currency
Italian currency is used; note - also mints its own coins
Economic aid
NA
Electricity
supplied by Italy
Exchange rates
Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988)
Exports
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures
External debt
$NA
Fiscal year
calendar year
Imports
see exports
Industrial production
growth rate NA%; accounts for 42% of workforce
Industries
wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourism
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
5% (1992 est.)
National product
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $465 million (1992 est.)
National product per capita
$20,000 (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate
NA%
Overview
The tourist industry contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1991 over 3.1 million tourists visited San Marino, 2.7 million of whom were Italians. The key industries are wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to northern Italy.
Unemployment rate
3% (1991)
Communications
Highways
104 km
Telecommunications
automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system; 11,700 telephones; broadcast services from Italy; microwave and cable links into Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities
Military and Security
Branches
public security or police force
Defense expenditures
$NA, NA% of GDP
Manpower availability
all fit men ages 16-60 constitute a militia that can serve as an army