1990 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1990 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline
none--landlocked
Comparative area
about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Environment
dominated by the Appenines
Land boundary
39 km with Italy
Land use
17% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 83% other
Maritime claims
none--landlocked
Natural resources
building stones
Note
landlocked; world's smallest republic; enclave of Italy
Terrain
rugged mountains
Total area
60 km2; land area: 60 km2
People and Society
Birth rate
8 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Ethnic divisions
Sanmarinese, Italian
Infant mortality rate
9 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Labor force
about 4,300
Language
Italian
Life expectancy at birth
74 years male, 79 years female (1990)
Literacy
97%
Nationality
noun--Sanmarinese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Sanmarinese
Net migration rate
5 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Organized labor
Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members
Population
23,123 (July 1990), growth rate 0.6% (1990)
Religion
Roman Catholic
Total fertility rate
1.3 children born/woman (1990)
Government
Administrative divisions
9 municipalities (castelli, singular--castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Capital
San Marino
Communists
about 300 members; the PCS, in conjunction with the PSS, PSU, and PSDS, has led the government since 1978
Constitution
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Diplomatic representation
San Marino maintains honorary Consulates General in Washington and New York, and an honorary Consulate in Detroit; US--no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino; Consulate General at 38 Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci, Florence, Italy (mailing address is APO NY 09019); telephone [39] (55) 298-276
Elections
Grand and General Council--last held 29 May 1988 (next to be held by May 1993); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
Executive branch
two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet); real executive power is wielded by the secretary of state for foreign affairs and the secretary of state for internal affairs
Flag
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Independence
301 (by tradition)
Judicial branch
Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Leaders
Co-Chiefs of State and Co-Heads of Government--Captain Regent Salvatori REVES (since April 1989) and Captain Regent Luciano CARDELLI (since April 1989); Captains Regent are elected for six-month terms
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
unicameral Grand and General Council (Consiglio Grande e Generale)
Long-form name
Republic of San Marino
Member of
ICJ, ITU, IRC, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WTO; observer status in NAM
National holiday
Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September
Other political parties or pressure groups
political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy
Political parties and leaders
Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Gabriele Gatti; Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto Ghiotti; Socialist Unity Party (PSU), Emilio Della Balda and Patrizia Busignani; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Antonio Volpinari; San Marino Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Augusto Casali; San Marino Republican Party (PRS), Cristoforo Buscarini
Suffrage
universal at age 18
Type
republic
Economy
Agriculture
employs less than 4% of labor force; products--wheat, grapes, corn, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses; depends on Italy for food imports
Aid
NA
Budget
revenues $99.2 million; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1983)
Currency
Italian lira (plural--lire); 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi; also mints its own coins
Electricity
supplied by Italy
Exchange rates
Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,262.5 (January 1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987), 1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985)
Exports
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures
External debt
$NA
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
$NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate NA%
Imports
see Exports
Industrial production
growth rate NA%
Industries
wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourist
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
6.4% (1986)
Overview
The economy relies heavily on the tourist industry as a source of revenue. More than 2 million tourists visit each year, contributing about 60% to GDP. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is another important income producer. The manufacturing sector employs nearly 40% of the labor force and agriculture less than 4%. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to northern Italy.
Unemployment rate
6.5% (1985)
Communications
Highways
104 km
Telecommunications
automatic telephone system; 11,700 telephones; stations--no AM, 20 FM, no TV; radio relay and cable links into Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities
Military and Security
Branches
public security or police force of less than 50 people
Defense expenditures
NA
Military manpower
all fit men ages 16-60 constitute a militia that can serve as an army