1988 Edition

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Comparative area

about one-third the size of Washington, D. C.

Environment

dominated by the Appenines

Labor force

67,000 (1984 est); about 35% unemployed (1986)

Land boundary

34 km with Italy

Land use

17% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 83% other

Literacy

82%

Organized labor

10% of labor force

Special notes

landlocked; world's smallest republic; enclave of Italy

Terrain

rugged mountains

Total area

60 km2; land area: 60 km2

Infant mortality rate

9.6/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

about 4,300

Language

Italian

Literacy

97%

Nationality

noun — Sanmarinese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Sanmarinese

Organized labor

Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members

Population

22,791 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.86%

Religion

Roman Catholic

Administrative divisions

San Marino is divided into 9 castles — Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle

Branches

bicameral legislature (13-member elected House of Representatives and 6-member appointed Senate), judiciary (Supreme Court)

the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve five-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of six months, the Congress of State whose members head government administrative departments, and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs

Capital

Kingstown

San Marino

Communists

about 300 members; the PCS, in conjunction with the PSS, PSU, and PSDS, has led the government since Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy

Elections

every five years; last held 18 July 1984 Political parties and leaders: New Democratic Party (NDP), James (Son) Mitchell; St. Vincent Labor Party (SVLP), Vincent Beach and Hudson Tannis; United . People's Movement (UPM), Oscar Allen; Movement for National Unity (MNU), Ralph Gonsalves

elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every five years; last election was held 29 May Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Clara Boscaglia; Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto Ghiotti; Unitary Socialist Party (PSU), Emilio Delia Balda; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown

Government leaders

James (Son) MITCHELL, Prime Minister (since 1984); Sir Joseph EUSTACE, Governor General (since February 1985)

Gabriele GATTI (Christian Democrat), Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs and for Information (since July 1986); Alvaro SELVA (Communist), Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Justice (since July 1978); Gabriele GATTI (Christian Democrat), Secretary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning (since July 1986)

Legal system

based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands

based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, IMO, OAS, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO

ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, ITU, IRC, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WTO; observer status in NAM

National holiday

Anniversary of the Liberation of the Republic, 5 February

Official name

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Republic of San Marino

Suffrage

universal adult at age 18

universal (since 1960)

Type

independent state within Commonwealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State

republic

Voting strength

(1984 election) House of Assembly— NDP, 9 seats; SVLP, 4 seats

(1983 election) 42.1% DCS, 24.4% PCS, 14.8% PSS, 13.9% PSU, 2.9% PSDS

Agriculture

bananas, arrowroot

wheat, grapes, other grains, fruits, vegetables, animal feedstuff's, cheese, livestock hides

Aid

bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF, from Western (non-US) countries (1970-81), $25 million

Budget

(1984) revenues, $32 million; expenditures, $34 million

Electric power

14,440 kW capacity; 31 million kWh produced, 300 kWh per capita (1986)

supplied by Italy

Exports

$42.0 million (f.o.b., 1983); bananas, arrowroot, copra

Foreign transactions

dominated by tourism (in summer months about 25,000 foreigners visit every day); remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures

GDP

$103 million (1985), $850 per capita; 7% real growth (1986 est.)

Imports

$64.9 million (c.i.f., 1983); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels

Major industries

food processing

Major trade partners

exports — 32% UK, 57% CARICOM, 34% Trinidad and Tobago (1983); imports 11% UK, 33% US, 32% CARICOM, 24% Trinidad and Tobago, 6% Canada (1983 est.)

Manufacturing

cotton textiles, brick and tile production, cement, pottery, tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, gold and silver souvenirs

Monetary conversion rate

2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$l (August 1986)

1337.0 Italian lire=US$l (January 1987)

Natural resources

building stones

Airfields

6 total, 6 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

none

Branches

Royal St. Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force 2km Sec regional map V

Civil air

no major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

Highways

about 1,000 km total; 300 km paved; 400 km improved; 300 km unimproved

about 104 km

Ports

1 major (Kingstown), 1 minor

Railroads

none

none

Telecommunications

islandwide fully automatic telephone system with 6,500 sets (4.6 per 100 popl.); VHF/UHF interisland links to Barbados and the Grenadines; new SHF links to Grenada and St. Lucia; 4 AM and 1 FM stations; St. Vincentian-owned cable television system Defense Forces

automatic telephone system serving 11,700 telephones (34.2 per 100 popl.); no radiobroadcasting or television facilities; radio-relay and cable links into Italian networks