1986 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1986 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Agriculture
principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock products
Airfields
none
Area
62 km2; about one-third the size of Washington, D. C.; 74% cultivated, 22% meadow and pasture, 4% built on
Branches
the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve five-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of six months, the Congress of State whose members head government administrative departments, and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs
Capital
San Marino
Civil air
no major transport aircraft
Communists
approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined); the PCS, in conjunction with the PSS, PSU, and PSDS, has led the government since
Elections
elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every five years; last election was held 29 May 1983 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Clara Boscaglia; Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto Ghiotti; Unitary Socialist Party (PSU), Emilio Delia Hah la; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown
Electric power
power supplied by Italy (1985) San Marino (continued) Sao Tome and Principe
Foreign transactions
dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreigners visit San Marino every day; several hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures
Government leaders
Giordano Bruno REFFI (Socialist), Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs and for Information (since July 1978); Alvaro SELVA (Communist), Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Justice (since July 1978); Dr. Emilio DELLA BALDA (Unitary Socialist), Secretary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning (since July 1978)
Highways
about 104 km
Infant mortality rate
9.6/1,000 (1983)
Labor force
appro*. 4,300
Land boundaries
34 km People
Language
Italian
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Literacy
97%
Manufacturing
consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogana, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogana, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced
Member of
ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, ITU, IRC, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WTO; observer status in NAM Economy Principal economic activities of San Marino are farming, livestock raising, light manufacturing, and tourism; the largest share of government revenue is derived from the sale of postage stamps throughout the world and from payments by the Italian Government in exchange for Italy's monopoly in retailing tobacco, gasoline, and a few other goods; main problem is finding additional funds to finance badly needed water and electric power systems expansions
Monetary conversion rate
1704.0 Italian lire=US$l (January 1984) Communications
National holiday
Anniversary of the Liberation of the Republic, 5 February
Nationality
noun — Sanmarinese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Sanmarinese
Natural resources
building stones
Official name
Republic of San Marino
Organized labor
Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members Government
Other political parties or pressure groups
political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy; the two Socialist parties are not united
Political subdivisions
San Marino is divided into 9 "castles" — Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Population
23,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.9%
Railroads
none
Religion
Roman Catholic
Suffrage
universal (since 1960)
Telecommunications
automatic telephone system serving 7,700 telephones (25.7 per 100 popl.); no radiobroadcasting or television facilities I/ha de Sao Tome Gulf of
Type
republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government
Voting strength
(1983 election) 42. 1 % DCS, 24.4% PCS, 14.8% PSS, 13.9% PSU, 2.9% PSDS