1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
62 km2; 74% cultivated, 22% meadows and pastures, 4% built on
Land boundaries
34 km
People and Society
Labor force
approx. 4,300
Language
Italian
Literacy
97%
Nationality
noun—Sanmarinese (sing. and pl.); adjective—Sanmarinese
Organized labor
General Democratic Federation of San-marinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated Camera del Lavoro, about 1,000 members
Population
22,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.6%
Religion
Roman Catholic
Government
Branches
the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve five-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of six months, the Council of State whose members head government administrative departments, and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs
Capital
San Marino
Communists
approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined); PSS, in government with Christian Democrats since March 1973, formed a government with the PCS from the end of World War II to 1957
Elections
elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every five years; an election was held 28 May 1978 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Gian Luigi Berti; Social Democratic Party (PSDSM), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Barulli; People's Democratic Party (PDP), leader unknown; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown Voting strength (1974 election): 39.6% DCS, 23.7% PCS, 15.4% PSDIS, 13.9% PSS, 1.9% PDP, 2.9% CDR
Government leaders
since 17 July 1978 Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs and for Information, Giordano Bruno REFFI (Socialist); Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Justice, Alvaro SELVA (Communist); Secretary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning, Emilio BALDO (Unitary Socialist)
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, IRC, UPU, WTO
National holidays
1 April, 1 October
Official name
Republic of San Marino
Other political parties or pressure groups
political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy, the two Socialist parties are not united
Political subdivisions
San Marino is divided into 9 castelli: Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Dogmanano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Suffrage
universal (since 1960)
Type
republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government
Economy
Agriculture
principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock products Electric power: all power is imported from Italy (1981)
Foreign transactions
dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreigners visit San Marino every day; several hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures
Manufacturing
consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogane, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogane, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced
Communications
Airfields
none
Civil air
no major transport aircraft
Highways
about 104 km
Railroads
none
Telecommunications
automatic telephone system serving 6,800 telephones (32.3 per 100 popl.); no radiobroadcasting or television facilities