1981 Edition

Area

62 km2; 74% cultivated, 22% meadows and pastures, 4% built on

964 km2 (Sao Tome, 855 km2 and Principe, 109 km2; including small islets of Pedras Tinhosas)

Coastline

estimated 209 km

Electric power

all power is imported from Italy (1981)

Foreign transactions

dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreigners visit San Marino every day; several hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures

Land boundaries

34 km

Limits of territorial waters

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

Manufacturing

consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogane, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogane, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced

Ethnic divisions

native Sao Tomeans, migrant Cape Verdians, Portuguese

Labor force

approx. 4,300

most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; some unemployment, but labor shortages on plantations and for skilled work

Language

Italian

Portuguese official

Literacy

97%

estimated at 5%-10%

Nationality

noun — Sanmarinese (sing, and pi.); adjective— Sanmarinese

noun — Sao Tomean(s): adjective — Sao Tomean

Organized labor

General Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated Camera del Lavoro, about 1,000 members

Population

22,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.6%

85,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.1%

Religion

Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh Day Adventist

Branches

the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve five-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of six months, the Council of State whose members head government administrative departments, and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs

da Costa heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers; elected National Popular Assembly

Capital

San Marino

Sao Tome

Communists

approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined); PSS, in government with Christian Democrats since March 1973, formed a government with the PCS from the end of World War II to 1957

Elections

elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every five years; an election was held 28 May 1978 Political parties and leaders; Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Gian Luigi Berti; Social Democratic Party (PSDSM), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Barulli; People's Democratic Party (PDF), leader unknown; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown Voting strength (1974 election): 39.6% DCS, 23.7% PCS, 15.4% PSDIS, 13.9% PSS, 1.9% POP, 2.9% CDR

Government leader

President Manuel Pinto DA COSTA SAUDI ARABIA

Government leaders

since 17 July 1978 Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs and for Information, Giordano Bruno REFFI (Socialist); Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Justice, Alvaro SELVA (Communist); Secretary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning, Emilio BALDO (Unitary Socialist)

Legal system

based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, IRC, UPU, WTO

National holiday

Independence Day, 12 July

National holidays

1 April, 1 October

Official name

Republic of San Marino

Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

Other political parties or pressure groups

political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy, the two Socialist parties are not united

Political subdivisions

San Marino is divided into 9 castelli: Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Dogmanano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle

Suffrage

universal (since 1960)

Type

republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government

republic established when independence received from Portugal in July 1975; constitution adopted December

Agriculture

principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock products SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Airfields

none

Civil air

no major transport aircraft

Highways

about 104 km

Railroads

none

Telecommunications

automatic telephone system serving 6,800 telephones (32.3 per 100 popl.); no radiobroadcasting or television facilities