1985 Edition

Agriculture

cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconuts, bananas, taro, yams

sorghum and millet, qat (a mild narcotic), cotton, coffee, fruits and vegetables

Aid

small amounts from Spain in prior years; currently Morocco is major source of support

economic commitments — US (FY7083), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $144 million

Airfields

16 total, 16 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways, 3 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Savai'i South Pacific Ocean Upolu South Pacific Ocean Land 2,934 km2; the size of Rhode Island; comprised of 2 large islands of Savai'i and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manonoand Apolima; 65% forest; 24% cultivated; 11% industry, waste, or urban Water

4 total, 4 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways 1,220-2,439 m

21 total, 15 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Head of State and Executive Council; unicameral legislature (47-member Legislative Assembly); Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, village courts

President, Prime Minister, Cabinet; People's Constituent Assembly

Budget

(1982 est.) revenues, $36.9 million; expenditures, $37.6 million; development expenditure, $34.9 million

(1981) total receipts, $1,066 million; current expenditures, $1,569 million; development expenditures, $590 million

Capital

Apia

Sanaa

Civil air

no data available

9 major transport aircraft

Coastline

403 km People

523 km People

Communists

unknown

Elections

held triennially, last in February Political parties and leaders: no clearly defined political party structure

Electric power

21,000 kW capacity (1984); 51 million kWh produced (1984), 315 kWh per capita

195,000 kW capacity (1984); 500 million kWh produced (1984), 80 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Samoan; about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood), 700 Europeans

90% Arab, 10% Afro-Arab (mixed)

Exports

$9 million (f.o.b., 1982); copra 43.3%, cocoa 32.3%, timber 2.0%, mineral fuel, bananas

$11 million (f.o.b., 1981); qat, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

GNP

$130 million (1978), $770 per capita Western Samoa (continued) Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)

$3.8 billion (FY79), $544 per capita

Government leaders

MALIETOA Tanumafili II, Head of State (since 1962); Taisi Tupuola Tofilau ETI, Prime Minister (since March 1976)

Col. 'Ali 'Abdallah SALIH, President (since 1978); 'Abd al-'Aziz 'ABD AL-GHANI, Prime Minister (since 1983) Communist; small number

Highways

6,100 km total; 500 km bituminous treated, 5,600 km unimproved earth roads and tracks

784 km total; 375 km bituminous, remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth

4,000 km total; 1, 775 km bituminous; 500 km crushed stone and gravel; 1,725 km earth, sand, and light gravel

Imports

$38 million (c.i.f., 1982); food 30%, manufactured goods 25%, machinery

$1,748 million (f.o.b., 1981); textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, and cement (worst export/import ratio in the world)

Inland waterways

none

Labor force

about 37,000 (1983); about 22,000 employed in agriculture

approximately one-third expatriate laborers; remainder almost entirely agriculture and herding Government

Land boundaries

1 ,528 km Water

Language

Samoan (Polynesian), English

Arabic

Legal system

based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Turkish law, Islamic law, and local customary law; first constitution promulgated December 1970, suspended June 1974; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone")

Literacy

90%

15% (est.)

Major industries

timber, tourism, light industry

cotton textiles and leather goods produced on a small scale; handicraft and some fishing; small aluminum products factory Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of (South Yemen)

Major trade partners

exports — 31% FRG, 26% New Zealand, 1 2% US, 2% Australia; imports—30% US, 28% New Zealand, 10% Australia, 6% UK (1981)

China, South Yemen, USSR, Japan, UK, Australia, Saudi Arabia

Member of

ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, South Pacific Forum, South Pacific Commission, UH, WHO Economy

Arab League, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 39,000; 20,000 fit for military service Red Set \ See refionil mtp VI Land 194,250 km2 (parts of border with Saudi Arabia and South Yemen undefined); slightly smaller than South Dakota; 79% desert, waste, or urban; 20% agricultural; 1 % forest

Monetary con version rate

5.740 rials= US$ 1 (October 1984)

Monetary conversion rate

uses Moroccan dirham; 8.9 dirham=US$l (1984) Communications

1.533 WS tala=US$l (February 1984) Communications

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 January

Proclamation of the Republic, 26 September

Nationality

noun — Western Samoan(s); adjective— Western Samoa

noun — Yemeni(s); adjective — Yemeni

Official name

Independent State of Western Samoa

Yemen Arab Republic

Organized labor

none Government

Political parties or pressure groups

no legal political parties; in 1983 President Salih started the General People's Congress, which is designed to function as the country's sole political party; conservative tribal groups, Muslim Brotherhood, and leftist factions — pro-Iraqi Bathists, Nasirists, National Democratic Front (NDF) supported by South Yemen — exert political influence

Political subdivisions

11 provinces

Population

163,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9%

6,058,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7%

Ports

2 major (El Aaiun, Dakhla)

1 principal (Apia), 1 minor C«tn7 air: 3 major transport aircraft

1 major (Al Hudaydah), 3 minor

Railroads

none

none

none

Religion

99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter Day Saints, Seventh Day Adventist)

100% Muslim (Sunni and Shi'a)

Suffrage

45 members of Legislative Assembly are elected by holders of inatai (heads of family) titles (about 12,000 persons); two members are elected by universal adult suffrage of persons lacking traditional family ties

Telecommunications

3,800 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.O; 50,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station Defense Forces

system still inadequate but improving; new radio-relay and cable networks; 35,000 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, no FM, 5 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter to South

Type

constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand

republic; military regime assumed power in June 1974