2022 Edition

Background

Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633 but continued to be harassed by the Dutch. The Spanish finally relinquished Saint Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. Friction between the two sides caused the border to frequently fluctuate over the next two centuries, with the French eventually holding the greater portion of the island (about 61%). The cultivation of sugarcane introduced African slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of Saint Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity. In 2010, the southern Dutch portion of the island became the independent nation of Sint Maarten within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. On 6 September 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the island of Saint Martin causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed.

Area

land

50 sq km

total

50 sq km

water

negligible

Area - comparative

more than one-third the size of Washington, DC

Climate

temperature averages 27-29 degrees Celsius all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; hurricane season stretches from July to November

Coastline

58.9 km (for entire island)

Elevation

highest point

Pic du Paradis 424 m

lowest point

Caribbean Ocean 0 m

Geographic coordinates

18 05 N, 63 57 W

Geography - note

note 1: the southern border is shared with Sint Maarten, a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands; together, these two entities make up the smallest landmass in the world shared by two self-governing statesnote 2: Simpson Bay Lagoon (aka as Simson Bay Lagoon or The Great Pond) is one of the largest inland lagoons in the West Indies; the border between the French and Dutch halves of the island of Saint Martin runs across the center of the lagoon, which is shared by both of the island's entities 

Land boundaries

border countries

Sint Maarten 16 km

total

16 km

Location

Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; French part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Saint Martin lies east of the US Virgin Islands

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Natural hazards

subject to hurricanes from July to November

Natural resources

salt

Population distribution

most of the population is found along the coast, with a largest concentrations around the capital Marigot, Orleans, and Grand-Case

Age structure

0-14 years

25.63% (male 4,148/female 4,197)

15-24 years

10.28% (male 1,647/female 1,701)

25-54 years

46.2% (male 7,201/female 7,841)

55-64 years

8.71% (male 1,328/female 1,508)

65 years and over

9.17% (male 1,305/female 1,680) (2020 est.)

Birth rate

14.09 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

NA

Contraceptive prevalence rate

NA

Current health expenditure

NA

Death rate

4.64 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

15.6

potential support ratio

6.4 (2021)

total dependency ratio

49.1 N

youth dependency ratio

33.5

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: NA

improved: total

total: 100% of population

improved: urban

urban: 100% of population

unimproved: rural

rural: NA

unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2020)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Creole (Mulatto), Black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asian), White, East Indian, other

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

Infant mortality rate

female

5.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)

male

7.85 deaths/1,000 live births

total

6.71 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Languages

French (official), Dutch, English, Guadeloupian Creole, Haitian Creole, Italian, Martiniquan Creole, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles), Spanish

major-language sample(s)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

female

83.81 years (2022 est.)

male

77.48 years

total population

80.58 years

Literacy

female

NA

male

NA

total population

NA

Median age

female

34.1 years (2020 est.)

male

32.5 years

total

33.3 years

Net migration rate

-6.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Physicians density

NA

Population

32,792 (2022 est.)

Population distribution

most of the population is found along the coast, with a largest concentrations around the capital Marigot, Orleans, and Grand-Case

Population growth rate

0.33% (2022 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: NA

improved: total

total: 100% of population

improved: urban

urban: 100% of population

unimproved: rural

rural: NA

unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2020)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population

Sex ratio

0-14 years

0.99 male(s)/female

15-24 years

0.97 male(s)/female

25-54 years

0.91 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.61 male(s)/female

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

total population

0.92 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.8 children born/woman (2022 est.)

Capital

etymology

marigot is a French term referring to a body of water, a watercourse, a side-stream, or a tributary rivulet; the name likely refers to a stream at the site of the city's original founding

geographic coordinates

18 04 N, 63 05 W

name

Marigot

time difference

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

see France

Constitution

amendments

amendment procedures of France's constitution apply

history

4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Country name

conventional long form

Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin

conventional short form

Saint Martin

etymology

explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island after Saint MARTIN of Tours because the 11 November 1493 day of discovery was the saint's feast day

local long form

Collectivite d'outre mer de Saint-Martin

local short form

Saint-Martin

Dependency status

overseas collectivity of France

note

note: the only French overseas collectivity that is part of the EU

Diplomatic representation from the US

embassy

none (overseas collectivity of France)

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (overseas collectivity of France)

Executive branch

cabinet

Executive Council; note - there is also an advisory economic, social, and cultural council

chief of state

President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Vincent BERTON (since 28 March 2022)

election results

2022: Louis MUSSINGTON (RSM) elected president; Territorial Council vote - 23 out of 23 votes2017: Daniel Gibbs elected president:  Territorial Council vote - 18 out of 23 votes

elections/appointments

French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; president of Territorial Council elected by its members for a 5-year term; election last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in 2027)

head of government

President of Territorial Council Louis MUSSINGTON (since 3 April 2022); First Vice President Alain RICHARDSON (since 3 April 2022)

Flag description

the flag of France is used

Government type

parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France

Independence

none (overseas collectivity of France)

International organization participation

UPU

Legal system

French civil law

Legislative branch

description

unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); Saint Martin elects 1 member to the French Senate and 1 member (shared with Saint Barthelemy) to the French National Assembly

election results

Territorial Council - percent of vote by party (first round) - RSM 25.4%, UD 24.7%, HOPE 17.5%, Saint Martin with You 13.8%, Alternative 11.2%, Future Saint Martin 7.5%; percent of vote by party (second round) - RSM and Alternative 49.1%, UD 33.3%, HOPE, Saint Martin with You, and Future Saint Martin 17.6%; seats by party - RSM and Alternative 16, UD 5, HOPE, Saint Martin with You, and Future Saint Martin 2; composition - men 13, women 10, percent of women 43.5%

elections

Territorial Council - first round held on 20 March and second round held on 27 March2022 (next to be held in March 2027) and second round held on 27 March 2022

note

French Senate - last held on 27 September 2020 (next to be held not later than September 2023) French National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027) French Senate - 1 seat: UMP 1 French National Assembly - 1 seat: UMP 1

National anthem

lyrics/music

Gerard KEMPS

name

"O Sweet Saint Martin's Land"

note

note: the song, written in 1958, is used as an unofficial anthem for the entire island (both French and Dutch sides); as a collectivity of France, in addition to the local anthem, "La Marseillaise" remains official on the French side (see France); as a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in addition to the local anthem, "Het Wilhelmus" remains official on the Dutch side (see Netherlands)

National holiday

Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790); note - local holiday is Schoelcher Day (Slavery Abolition Day) 12 July (1848), as well as St. Martin's Day, 11 November (1985), which commemorates the discovery of the island by COLUMBUS on Saint Martin's Day, 11 November 1493; the latter holiday celebrated on both halves of the island

National symbol(s)

brown pelican

Political parties and leaders

Alternative [Valerie DAMASEAU]Future Saint Martin (Avenir Saint Martin) [Yawo NYUIADZI]Generation Hope or HOPE [Jules CHARVILLE]Rassemblement Saint-Martinois or RSM [Louis MUSSINGTON] (formerly Movement for Justice and Prosperity or MJP)Saint Martin with You [James HAMLET]Union for Democracy or UD [Daniel GIBBS]

Suffrage

18 years of age, universal

Economic overview

The economy of Saint Martin centers on tourism with 85% of the labor force engaged in this sector. Over one million visitors come to the island each year with most arriving through the Princess Juliana International Airport in Sint Maarten. The financial sector is also important to Saint Martin’s economy as it facilitates financial mediation for its thriving tourism sector. No significant agriculture and limited local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported, primarily from Mexico and the US. Saint Martin is reported to have one of the highest per capita income in the Caribbean. As with the rest of the Caribbean, Saint Martin’s financial sector is having to deal with losing correspondent banking relationships. In September 2017, Hurricane Irma destroyed 95% of the French side of Saint Martin. Along the coastline of Marigot, the nerve center of the economy, the storm wiped out restaurants, shops, banks and open-air markets impacting more than 36,000 inhabitants.

Exchange rates

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2013

0.7634 (2013 est.)

Exchange rates 2014

0.885 (2014 est.)

Exchange rates 2015

0.9214 (2015 est.)

Exchange rates 2016

0.903 (2016 est.)

Exchange rates 2017

0.885 (2017 est.)

Exports - commodities

gold, special use vessels, furniture, scrap aluminum, rum (2019)

Exports - partners

United States 35%, Netherlands 26%, Antigua and Barbuda 21%, France 10% (2019)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

1% (2000)

industry

15% (2000)

services

84% (2000)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$561.5 million (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities

jewelry, diamonds, pearls, recreational boats, cars (2019)

Imports - partners

United States 76%, Netherlands 7%, France 7% (2019)

Industries

tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry

Labor force

17,300 (2008 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

85 directly or indirectly employed in tourist industry

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2005

$561.5 million (2005 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2005

$19,300 (2005 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population

100% (2020)

Broadcast media

1 local TV station; access to about 20 radio stations, including RFO Guadeloupe radio broadcasts via repeater

Internet country code

.mf; note - .gp, the Internet country code for Guadeloupe, and .fr, the Internet country code for France, might also be encountered

Internet users

percent of population

48.5% (March 2022 est.)

total

19,300 (March 2022 est.)

Telecommunication systems

domestic

direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems (2018)

general assessment

fully integrated access; good interisland and international connections; broadband access; expanded FttP (Fiber to the Home) and LTE markets; regulatory development; telecom sector contributes greatly to the overall GDP; telecom sector is a growth area (2020)

international

country code - 590; landing points for the SMPR-1, Southern Caribbean Fiber and the Saba, Statia Cable System submarine cables providing connectivity to numerous Caribbean islands (2019)

note

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

196 (2019 est.)

total subscriptions

68,840 (2017 est.)

Airports

total

1 (2021)

Airports - with paved runways

914 to 1,523 m

1 (2021)

total

1

Transportation - note

nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located on Sint Maarten

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of France

Military and security forces

no armed forces; Saint Martin Police Force (Korps Politie Sint Marteen)

Disputes - international

none identified

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, and marijuana destined for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as Europe

Climate

temperature averages 27-29 degrees Celsius all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; hurricane season stretches from July to November

Environment - current issues

excessive population pressure (increasing settlement); waste management; salinity intrusions into the mainland of the island; fresh water supply is dependent on desalination of sea water; over-exploitation of marine resources (reef fisheries, coral and shell); indiscriminate anchoring of boats damages coral reefs, causing underwater pollution and sedimentation 

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

15,480 tons (2012 est.)