2016 Edition

CIA World Factbook 2016 Archive (HTML)

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Countries

268

Data Records

71,560

Saint Lucia

2016 Edition · 275 data fields

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Introduction

Background

The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979.

Geography

Area

616 sq km 606 sq km 10 sq km
land: 606 sq km
total: 616 sq km
water: 10 sq km

Area - comparative

three and a half times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August

Coastline

158 km

Elevation

NA lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m
mean elevation: NA

Environment - current issues

deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

13 53 N, 60 58 W

Geography - note

the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean

Irrigated land

30 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

17.4% arable land 4.9%; permanent crops 11.5%; permanent pasture 1% 77% 5.6% (2011 est.)
agricultural land: 17.4%
forest: 77%
other: 5.6% (2011 est.)

Location

Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

hurricanes; volcanic activity

Natural resources

forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential

Population - distribution

most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries

Terrain

volcanic and mountainous with broad, fertile valleys

People and Society

Age structure

20.35% (male 17,225/female 16,237) 15.88% (male 13,257/female 12,867) 42.97% (male 33,974/female 36,697) 9.58% (male 7,278/female 8,478) 11.22% (male 8,352/female 10,099) (2016 est.)
0-14 years: 20.35% (male 17,225/female 16,237)
15-24 years: 15.88% (male 13,257/female 12,867)
25-54 years: 42.97% (male 33,974/female 36,697)
55-64 years: 9.58% (male 7,278/female 8,478)
65 years and over: 11.22% (male 8,352/female 10,099) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

13.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.8% (2012)

Death rate

7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios

47.3% 34.1% 13.3% 7.5% (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 13.3%
potential support ratio: 7.5% (2015 est.)
total dependency ratio: 47.3%
youth dependency ratio: 34.1%

Drinking water source

urban: 99.5% of population rural: 95.6% of population total: 96.3% of population urban: 0.5% of population rural: 4.4% of population total: 3.7% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 4.4% of population
total: 3.7% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 0.5% of population

Education expenditures

4.8% of GDP (2014)

Ethnic groups

black/African descent 85.3%, mixed 10.9%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)

Health expenditures

6.7% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - deaths

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

Hospital bed density

1.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

11.2 deaths/1,000 live births 10.7 deaths/1,000 live births 11.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
female: 11.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
male: 10.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (official), French patois

Life expectancy at birth

77.8 years 75 years 80.7 years (2016 est.)
female: 80.7 years (2016 est.)
male: 75 years
total population: 77.8 years

Major infectious diseases

active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)
note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)

Major urban areas - population

CASTRIES (capital) 22,000 (2014)

Maternal mortality rate

48 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

34.2 years 33 years 35.3 years (2016 est.)
female: 35.3 years (2016 est.)
male: 33 years
total: 34.2 years

Nationality

Saint Lucian(s) Saint Lucian
adjective: Saint Lucian
noun: Saint Lucian(s)

Net migration rate

-2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

27% (2014)

Physicians density

0.11 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

164,464 (July 2016 est.)

Population distribution

most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries

Population growth rate

0.33% (2016 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 61.5%, Protestant 25.5% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 10.4%, Pentecostal 8.9%, Baptist 2.2%, Anglican 1.6%, Church of God 1.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Evangelical 2.3% and Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), Rastafarian 1.9%, other 0.4%, none 5.9%, unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 84.7% of population rural: 91.9% of population total: 90.5% of population urban: 15.3% of population rural: 8.1% of population total: 9.5% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 8.1% of population
total: 9.5% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 15.3% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

13 years 12 years 13 years (2007)
female: 13 years (2007)
male: 12 years
total: 13 years

Sex ratio

1.06 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 0.93 male(s)/female 0.86 male(s)/female 0.83 male(s)/female 0.95 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.75 children born/woman (2016 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

27.5% 21.5% 35.2% (2007 est.)
female: 35.2% (2007 est.)
male: 21.5%
total: 27.5%

Urbanization

18.5% of total population (2015) 0.89% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
urban population: 18.5% of total population (2015)

Government

Administrative divisions

10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort

Capital

Castries 14 00 N, 61 00 W UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates: 14 00 N, 61 00 W
name: Castries
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

yes at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Lucia yes 8 years
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent: at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Lucia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Constitution

previous 1958, 1960 (preindependence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979; note - in mid-2015, an amendment was proposed to replace the London-based Privy Council with the Caribbean Court of Justice as the country's highest appellate court (2016)

Country name

none Saint Lucia named after Saint LUCY of Syracuse by French sailors who were shipwrecked on the island on 13 December 1502, the saint's feast day
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Saint Lucia
etymology: named after Saint LUCY of Syracuse by French sailors who were shipwrecked on the island on 13 December 1502, the saint's feast day

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Elizabeth Darius CLARKE (since 3 August 2015) 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795 [1] (202) 364-6723 New York
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Darius CLARKE (since 3 August 2015)
consulate(s) general: New York
FAX: [1] (202) 364-6723
telephone: [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795

Executive branch

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997) Prime Minister Allen CHASTANET (since 7 June 2016) Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997)
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general
head of government: Prime Minister Allen CHASTANET (since 7 June 2016)

Flag description

cerulean blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border; the blue color represents the sky and sea, gold stands for sunshine and prosperity, and white and black the racial composition of the island (with the latter being dominant); the two major triangles invoke the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), cone-shaped volcanic plugs that are a symbol of the island

Government type

parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

22 February 1979 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 3 High Court judges reside on Saint Lucia; note - Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62 magistrate's court
highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 3 High Court judges reside on Saint Lucia; note - Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: magistrate's court

Legal system

English common law

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; 6 members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 upon consultation with religious, economic, and social groups; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms) House of Assembly - last held on 6 June 2016 (next to be held in 2021) House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - UWP 54.8%, SLP 44.1%; seats by party - UWP 11, SLP 6
description: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; 6 members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 upon consultation with religious, economic, and social groups; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - UWP 54.8%, SLP 44.1%; seats by party - UWP 11, SLP 6
elections: House of Assembly - last held on 6 June 2016 (next to be held in 2021)

National anthem

"Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia" Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS adopted 1967
lyrics/music: Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS
name: "Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia"
note: adopted 1967

National holiday

Independence Day, 22 February (1979)

National symbol(s)

twin pitons (volcanic peaks), Saint Lucia parrot; national colors: cerulean blue, gold, black, white
twin pitons (volcanic peaks), Saint Lucia parrot; national colors: cerulean blue, gold, black, white

Political parties and leaders

Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT] Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenny ANTHONY] United Workers Party or UWP [Allen CHASTANET]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economy

Agriculture - products

bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa

Budget

$185.2 million $222.2 million (2011 est.)
expenditures: $222.2 million (2011 est.)
revenues: $185.2 million

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Central bank discount rate

6.5% (31 December 2010) 6.5% (31 December 2009)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

8.86% (31 December 2015 est.) 9% (31 December 2014 est.)

Current account balance

-$106 million (2015 est.) -$94 million (2014 est.)

Debt - external

$517 million (31 December 2015 est.) $527.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Economy - overview

The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition. Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the ANTHONY administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks. St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity.

Exchange rates

East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2015 est.) 2.7 (2014 est.) 2.7 (2013 est.) 2.7 (2012) 2.7 (2011)

Exports

$207 million (2015 est.) $203.3 million (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities

bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, avocados, mangoes, coconut oil (2010 est.)

Exports - partners

Dominican Republic 25.1%, US 15.9%, Suriname 9.1%, Antigua and Barbuda 7%, Dominica 6.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 6.3%, Barbados 6.1%, UK 4.8%, Grenada 4.6% (2015)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March

GDP - composition, by end use

71.8% 15% 18.3% 0.1% 40.2% -45.3% (2015 est.)
exports of goods and services: 40.2%
government consumption: 15%
household consumption: 71.8%
imports of goods and services: -45.3% (2015 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 18.3%
investment in inventories: 0.1%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

2.9% 13.8% 83.3% (2015 est.)
agriculture: 2.9%
industry: 13.8%
services: 83.3% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$11,700 (2015 est.) $11,600 (2014 est.) $11,600 (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars
note: data are in 2015 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

1.6% (2015 est.) 0.5% (2014 est.) 0.1% (2013 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.416 billion (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.03 billion (2015 est.) $1.998 billion (2014 est.) $1.989 billion (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars
note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Gross national saving

16.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 12% of GDP (2014 est.) 11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%
highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%

Imports

$540.6 million (2015 est.) $558.8 million (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities

food, manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels

Imports - partners

Brazil 34.9%, US 25.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.4%, Colombia 10.9% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

3.5% (2015 est.)

Industries

tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-1% (2015 est.) 3.5% (2014 est.)

Labor force

79,700 (2012 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

21.7% 24.7% 53.6% (2002 est.)
agriculture: 21.7%
industry: 24.7%
services: 53.6% (2002 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

77% of GDP (2012 est.) 77% of GDP (2010 est.)

Stock of broad money

$1.104 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.057 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$1.399 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.519 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$284.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) $277.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

13.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate

20% (2003 est.)

Broadcast media

3 privately owned TV stations; 1 public TV station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable TV service available; a mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater transmission stations (2007)

Internet country code

.lc

Internet users

86,000 52.4% (July 2015 est.)
percent of population: 52.4% (July 2015 est.)
total: 86,000

Telephone system

an adequate system that is automatically switched fixed-line teledensity is 20 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 115 per 100 persons country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber System and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2015)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is 20 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 115 per 100 persons
general assessment: an adequate system that is automatically switched
international: country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber System and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

34,874 21 (July 2015 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (July 2015 est.)
total subscriptions: 34,874

Telephones - mobile cellular

188,000 115 (July 2015 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (July 2015 est.)
total: 188,000

Transportation

Airports

2 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
total: 2

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

J6 (2016)

Ports and terminals

Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort
major seaport(s): Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort

Roadways

1,210 km 847 km 363 km (2011)
paved: 847 km
total: 1,210 km
unpaved: 363 km (2011)

Military and Security

Military branches

no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Marine Unit) (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary security service; no national army (2012)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international

joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

Illicit drugs

transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe