1986 Edition

Agriculture

net exporter; main crops — corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock — cattle, hogs, sheep; consumer and food supplies weak

cash crops — mainly coffee, tea, some pyrethrum; main food crops — bananas, cassava; stock raising; selfsufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs

Branches

Romanian People's Army, Security Troops; Patriotic Guard, Air and Air Defense Forces, Romanian Navy

executive (President, 16-member Cabinet); unicameral legislative (National Development Council); judiciary (4 senior courts, magistrates)

Capital

Kigali

Communists

3,400,000 (November 1984)

no Communist party

Crude steel

14.4 million metric tons produced (1984), 635 kg per capita

Elections

national elections, including constitutional referendum and presidential plebiscite, held December 1978; National Development Council elected and President reelected in December 1983 Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially a "development movement," not a party)

Electric power

18,768,000 kW capacity (1985); 76.313 billion kWh produced (1985), 3,35 IkWh per capita

42,000 kW capacity (1985); 1 10 million kWh produced (1985), 17 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

85% Hutu, 14% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)

Exports

$12.6 billion (f.o.b., 1984); 32.0% machinery and equipment; 28.0% fuels, minerals, and metals; 16.0% manufactured consumer goods; 12.0% agricultural materials and forestry products; 12.0% other (1984)

$147.9 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); mainly coffee, tea, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 244,000 metric tons (1982)

Freight carried

rail — 270.5 million metric tons (1985), 72.3 billion metric ton/km (1983); highway— 469.2 million metric tons (1983), 8.3 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway—14.6 million metric tons (1983), 2.3 billion metric ton/km (1983)

GDP

$1.6 billion (1984), $257 per capita; real growth rate (1984 est), 5.5%

GNP

$1 17.6 billion in 1984 (1984 dollars), $5,200 per capita; 1984 real growth rate, 4.3%

Government leader

Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA, President and Head of State (since 1973)

Highways

73,369 km total; 29,233 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 38,880 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 5,256 km other (1983)

Imports

$10.3 billion (f.o.b. 1984); 24.7% machinery and equipment; 52.6% fuels, minerals, and metals; 10.8% agricultural and forestry products; 4.2% manufactured consumer goods; 7.7% other (1984)

$204.9 million (c.i.f., 1984 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material

Infant mortality rate

102/1,000(1985)

Inland waterways

1,724 km (1984)

Labor force

3.6 million (1985); 92% agriculture, 2% industry and commerce, 7% government and services Government

Land boundaries

877 km People

Language

Kinyarwanda, French (official); Kiswahili used in commercial centers

Legal system

based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

48

Literacy

37%

Major industries

mining, forestry, construction materials, metal production and processing, chemicals, machine-building, food processing

mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin factory, cement factory, agricultural processing, and production of beer, soft drinks, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Major trade partners

$23.0 billion in 1984; 48% non-Communist countries, 52% Communist countries (1984)

US, Belgium, FRG,

Member of

CEMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

AfDB, KAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, 12.3 billion lei; about 3.4% of total budget 50km Kagiliimba Lac Kivu Land 26,338 km2; the size of Maryland; almost all arable land; about 33% cultivated; about 33% pasture; 9% forest

Military manpower

males 15-49, 5,630,000; 4,758,000 fit for military service; 202,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

17.1 lei=US$l (September 1985)

National holiday

National Day, 1 July

Nationality

noun — Rwandan(s); adjective — Rwandan

Natural resources

oil, timber, natural gas, coal

gold, cassiterite, wolframite

Official name

Republic of Rwanda

Pipelines

2,800 km crude oil; 1,429 km refined products; 6,400 km natural gas

Political subdivisions

10 prefectures, subdivided into 143 communes

Population

6, 489,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.8%

Ports

4 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 7 minor; principal inland waterway ports are Giurgiu, Turnu Severin, and Or$ova Defense Forces

Railroads

1 1,106 km total; 10,589 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 472 km narrow gauge, 45km broad gauge; 3, 113 km electrified, 2,642 km double track; government owned (1983)

Religion

65% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest indigenous beliefs

Shortages

energy, iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber

Suffrage

universal adult

Type

republic; presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; new constitution adopted 17 December 1978