1984 Edition

Agriculture

cash crops — mainly coffee, tea, some pyrethrum; main food crops — bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs

Branches

Romanian People's Army, Security Troops; Patriotic Guard, Air and Air Defense Forces, Romanian Navy

executive (President, 16-member Cabinet); unicameral legislative (National Development Council); judiciary (4 senior courts, magistrates)

Capital

Kigali

Communists

no Communist party

Elections

national elections, including constitutional referendum and presidential plebiscite, held December 1978; National Development Council elected and President reelected in December 1983 Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially a "development movement," not a party)

Electric power

42,000 kW capacity (1983); 180 million kWh produced (1983), 30 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

85% Hutu, 14% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)

Exports

$115 million (f.o.b., 1981 est); mainly coffee, tea, cassiterite, wolfram, pyrethrum

Freight carried

rail — 274.6 million metric tons, 75.5 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway— 451.2 million metric tons, 11.7 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway — 12.3 million metric tons, 2.3 billion metric ton/km (1980)

GDP

$1.388 billion (1981), $270 per capita; real growth rate (1980), 3.8%

Government leader

Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYAR1MANA, President and Head of State

Highways

73,364 km total; 29,228 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 38,880 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone and 5,256 km other (1980)

Imports

$188 million (c.i.f., 1981 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment

Inland waterways

1,660 km (1980)

Labor force

2.7 million (1983); 93% agriculture, 3% industry and commerce, 3% government, 1% services Government

Land boundaries

877 km People

Language

Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers

Legal system

based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Literacy

37%

Major industries

mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolfram (tungsten ore), agricultural processing, and production of beer, soft drinks, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes St. Christopher and Nevis

Major trade partners

US, Belgium, FRG,

Member of

AfDB, EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, 11.7 billion lei; about 3.9% of total budget Land 26,338 km2; almost all arable land; about 33% cultivated; about 33% pasture

Military manpower

males 15-49, 5,564,000; 4,688,000 fit for military service; 166,000 reach military age (20) annually

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 July

Nationality

noun — R wandan(s); adjective — Rwandan

Official name

Republic of Rwanda

Pipelines

2,735 km crude oil; 1,429 km refined products; 5,149 km natural gas

Political subdivisions

10 prefectures, subdivided into 143 communes

Population

5,836,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.3%

Ports

4 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 7 minor; principal inland waterway ports are Giurgiu, Turnu Severin, and Orsova Defense Forces

Religion

65% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest indigenous beliefs

Ships

3 patrol combatants, 6 mine warfare ships, 81 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 30 mine warfare craft, 2 material support ships, 2 fleet support ships, 4 other auxiliaries

Suffrage

universal adult

Type

republic; presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; new constitution adopted 17 December 1978