1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
25,900 km2; almost all the arable land, about one-third under cultivation, about one-third pastureland
Land boundaries
877 km
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)
Labor force
approximately 5% in cash economy
Language
Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers
Literacy
25% in French and Kinyarwanda
Nationality
noun—Rwandan(s); adjective—Rwandan
Population
5,451,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.2%
Religion
45% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest animist
Government
Branches
executive (President, 16-member Cabinet); legislative (National Development Council); judiciary (4 senior courts, magistrates)
Capital
Kigali
Communists
no Communist party
Government leader
Maj. Gen. Juvénal HABYARIMANA, President and Head of State
Legal system
based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
AFDB, EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day, 1 July
Official name
Republic of Rwanda
Political subdivisions
10 prefectures, subdivided into 143 communes
Suffrage
universal Elections: national elections including constitutional referendum and presidential plebiscite held December 1978; National Development Council elected in December 1981 Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially not a party—a "development movement" only)
Type
republic, presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; new constitution adopted 17 December 1978
Economy
Agriculture
cash crops—mainly coffee, tea, some pyrethrum; main food crops—bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs
Budget
(1981) revenues $146.0 million; current expenditures $146.0 million, development expenditures $32.3 million
Electric power
38,000 kW capacity (1980); 160 million kWh produced (1980), 31 kWh per capita
Exports
$115 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); mainly coffee, tea, cassiterite, wolfram, pyrethrum
External debt
$170 million (1980), external debt ratio 3.8% (1980)
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
$1,388 million (1981), $270 per capita; real average annual growth rate (1970-77), 5.5%
Imports
$188 million (c.i.f., 1981 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment
Major industries
mining of cassiterite (tin ore), wolfram (tungsten ore), agricultural processing, and light consumer goods
Major trade partners
US, Belgium, West Germany, Kenya
Monetary conversion rate
92.84 Rwanda francs=US$1 (official), 1979
Communications
Airfields
8 total, 8 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
3 major transport aircraft
Highways
9,020 km total; 460 km paved, 2,700 km gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved
Inland waterways
Lake Kivu navigable by barges and native craft
Railroads
none
Telecommunications
fair system with low-capacity radio-relay system centered on Kigali; 4,600 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, no TV stations; SYMPHONIE satellite station, INTELSAT terminal under construction
Military and Security
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $22.1 million; 14% of central government budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 1,151,000; 583,000 fit for military service; no conscription