1985 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1985 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Agriculture
net exporter; main crops — corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock — cattle, hogs, sheep; consumer and food supplies weak
Area
BUCHAREST 6 B/ack * Constant*' "'"" Cr.iov. Secrefionalmap V Land 237,499 kmz; slightly smaller than Oregon; 44% arable, 27% forest, 19% other agricultural, 10% other
Branches
Presidency; Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State
Capital
Bucharest
Coastline
225 km People
Communists
3,400,000 (November 1984)
Crude steel
12.6 million metric tons produced (1983), 559 kg per capita
Elections
elections held every five years for Grand National Assembly deputies and local people's councils Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party, Nicolae Ceausescu, Secretary General (since March 1965)
Electric power
17,805,000 kW capacity (1984); 71.647 billion kWh produced (1984), 3, 1 60 kWh per capita
Ethnic divisions
88.1% Romanian; 7.9% Hungarian; 1.6% German; 2.4% Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy
Exports
$11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 31.8% machinery and equipment; 23.7% fuels, minerals, and metals; 16.2% manufactured consumer goods; 13.5% agricultural materials and forestry products; 14.8% other (1981)
Fiscal year
calendar year Communications
Fishing
catch 244,000 metric tons (1982)
GNP
$109.7 billion in 1983 (1983 dollars), $4,860 per capita; 1983 real growth rate, 1.1%
Government leaders
NicolaeCEAU§ESCU, President of the Socialist Republic (head of state; since 1967); Constantin DASCALESCU, Prime Minister (since May 1982)
Imports
$8.7 billion (f.o.b. 1983); 31.8% machinery and equipment; 23.7% fuels, minerals, and metals; 11.6% agricultural and forestry products; 3.9% manufactured consumer goods; 10.1% other (1981)
Labor force
10.5 million(1983); 37.8% industry, 29.2% agriculture, 33% other nonagricultural (1983) Government
Land boundary
2,969 km Water
Language
Romanian, Hungarian, German
Legal system
mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory that increasingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm
Literacy
98%
Major industries
mining, forestry, construction materials, metal production and processing, chemicals, machinebuilding, food processing
Major trade partners
$19.7 billion in 1983; 51% non-Communist countries, 49% Communist countries (1982)
Member of
CEMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy
Monetary conversion rate
23.2 lei=US$l (October 1984)
National holiday
Liberation Day, 23 August
Nationality
noun — Romanian(s); adjective— Romanian
Official name
Socialist Republic of Roma-
Political subdivisions
40 counties; city of Bucharest has administrative status equal to a county
Population
22,772,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.5%
Railroads
1 1,1 10 km total; 10,506 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 559 km narrow gauge, 45 km broad gauge; 2,367 km electrified, 2,424 km double track; government owned (1980)
Religion
80% Romanian Orthodox; 6% Roman Catholic; 4% Calvinist, Lutheran, Jewish, Baptist, and other
Shortages
iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber
Suffrage
universal and compulsory over age
Type
Communist state
Voting strength
(1980 election) overall participation reached 99.99%; of those registered to vote (15,631,351), 98.52% voted for party candidates