1987 Edition

Boundary disputes

none; territory of Macau will become a Special Administrative Region of China in 1999; East Timor question with Indonesia

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline

1,793 km

Comparative area

slightly smaller than Indiana

Continental shelf

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Environment

Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Extended economic zone

200 nm

Land boundary

1,207 km with Spain

Land use

32% arable land; 6% permanent crops; 6% meadows and pastures; 40% forest and woodland; 16% other; includes 7% irrigated

Special notes

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Terrain

mountainous north of Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Territorial sea

12 nm

Total area

128 km North Atlantic Ocean LISBON Azores and Madeira Islands are not shown

92,080 km?; land area: 91,640 km?

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Infant mortality rate

19/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

4.59 million; 45% services, 84% industry, 21% agriculture; unemployment, 11.1% (1986 est.)

Language

Portuguese

Life expectancy

73

Literacy

83%

Nationality

noun—Portuguese (sing. and pl.); adjective—Portuguese

Organized labor

about 55% of Portuguese labor is organized; the Communistdominated General Confederation of Portuguese Workers—Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents more than half of theunionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union (UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and represents less than half of unionized labor

Population

10,314,727 July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.74%

Religion

97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other

Administrative divisions

18 districts on the mainland, 3 in the Azores, 1 in the Madeira Islands

Branches

executive with President and Prime Minister; unicameral legislature (popularly elected 250-seat Assembly of the Republic); independent judiciary

Capital

Lisbon

Communists

Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 200,753 (December 1983)

Dependent area

Macau

Elections

national elections for Assembly of the Republic normally to be held every four years; Assembly elections held October 1985; national election for President to be held every five years (last held JanuaryFebruary 1986); local elections to be held every three years (last held December 1985) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal Cavaco Silva; Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Vitor Constancio; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Antonio Ramalho Eanes; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro Cunhal; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Adriano Moreira

Government leaders

Mario SOARES, President since (February 1986), Anibal Cavaco SILVA, Prime Minister (since October 1985)

Legal system

civil law system; constitution adopted April 1976 and revised October 1982; next round of discussions on constitutional revision slated for October 1987; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Member of

Council of Europe, EC, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, 1DB—InterAmerican Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IRC, 1SO, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

National holiday

25 April

Official name

Portuguese Republic

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Type

republic

Voting strength

(1985 parliamentary election) Social Democrats, 29.87%; Socialists, 20.77%; Democratic Renewal, 17.92%; Communists (in a front coalition called the United Peoples Alliance—APU), 15.49%; Center Democrats, 9.6%

Agriculture

generally underdeveloped; main crops—grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; deficit foods—sugar, grain, meat, fish, oilseed

Aid

US, including Ex-lm, $1.6 billion (FY70-85); other Western countries (ODA and OOF), $848 million (1970-84)

Budget

(1985) expenditures, $8.5 billion; revenues, $6.0 billion; deficit, $2.5 billion

Crude steel

420,000 tons produced, 40 kg per capita (1985 est.)

Electric power

5,615,000 kW capacity; 17,240 million kWh produced, 1,710 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

$5.7 billion (f.0.b., 1985); cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, and appliances

Fiscal year

calendar year

Fishing

catch 254,577 metric tons (1985)

GNP

$20.7 billion (1985); 68% private consumption; 23% fixed capital formation, 16% government consumption, —0.5% change in stocks; —5% net exports; real growth rate 3.3% (1985)

Imports

$7.1 billion (c.i.f., 1985); petroleum, cotton, foodgrains, industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals

Major industries

textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine

Major trade partners

47% EC, 10% US, 2% Communist countries, 19% other developed countries, 22% less developed countries

Military transfers

US, $605 million (FY70-85)

Monetary conversion rate

149.40 escudos=US$1 (November 1986)

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron, uranium ores

Airfields

69 total, 65 usable; 35 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

34 major transport aircraft

Highways

57,499 km total; 61,599 km paved (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth; plus an additional 4,100 km of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks)

Inland waterways

820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 297-metric-ton cargo capacity

Pipelines

crude oil, 11 km; refined products, 58 km Portugal (continued)

Ports

7 major, 34 minor

Railroads

3,630 km total: state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km 1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 760 km 1.000-meter gauge; 12 km (1.435meter gauge) electrified, double track, privately owned

Telecommunications

facilities are generally adequate; 1.8 million telephones (16.6 per 100 popl.); 56 AM, 64 FM, 66 TV stations; 6 submarine cables; 3 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas (on mainland and Azores)

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1986, $899 million; about 8.3% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,517,000; 2,048,000 fit for military service; 87,000 reach military age (20) annually