1985 Edition

Agriculture

generally underdeveloped; main crops — grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; deficit foods — sugar, grain, meat, fish, oilseed

Aid

economic authorizations — US, including Ex-Im, $1.5 billion (FY70-83); other Western countries (ODA and OOF), $686 million (1970-82); military authorizations — US, $367 million (FY70-83)

Area

Portugal, 92,082 km2, including the Azores and Madeira Islands; slightly smaller than Indiana; 48% arable; 31% forest; 6% meadow and pasture 5% waste, urban, inland water, or other

Branches

executive with President and Prime Minister; unicameral legislature (popularly elected Assembly of the Republic); independent judiciary

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

(1983) expenditures, $9.7 billion; revenues, $8.8 billion; deficit, $0.9 billion

Capital

Lisbon

Civil air

34 major transport aircraft Airfields (including Azores and Madeira Islands): 69 total, 66 usable; 35 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Coastline

860 km; excludes Azores (708 km) and Madeira (225 km) People

563 km People

Communists

Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 200,753 (December 1983)

Crude steel

668,833 tons produced (1982), 69 kg per capita

Elections

national elections for Assembly of the Republic normally to be held every four years; Assembly elections held April 1983; national election for President to be held every five years, second constitutional president elected in December 1980; local elections to be held every three years, last elections in December 1982 Political parties and leaders: Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Mario Soares; Social Democratic Party (PSD), formerly the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Rui Machete; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Francisco Lucas Pires; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro Cunhal; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Herminio Martinho

Electric power

5,115,000 kW capacity (1984); 16.555 billion kWh produced (1984), 1, 648 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

40% Arab, 18% Pakistani, 18% Indian, 10% Iranian

Exports

$4.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items — cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, and appliances

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 315,277 metric tons (1982) Qatar

GNP

$20.7 billion (1983); 15% government consumption, 69% private consumption; 30% fixed capital formation; —1% change in stocks; — 13% net exports; real growth rate -0.5% (1983)

Government leaders

Gen. Antonio dos Santos Ramalho EANES, President (since June 1976); Mario SCARES, Prime Minister (since June 1983)

Highways

57,499 km total; 49,537 km paved (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth; plus an additional 4,100 km of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks)

Imports

$8.0 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items — petroleum, cotton, industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals

Inland waterways

820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 297 metric ton cargo capacity

Labor force

4.6 million (1983); 37% services, 36% industry, 27% agriculture; unemployment, 10.2% (June 1984)

104,000(1983); 85% non-Qatari in private sector Government

Land boundaries

1,207 km Water

56 km Water

Language

Portuguese

Arabic (official); English is commonly used as second language

Legal system

civil law system; constitution adopted April 1976 and revised October 1982; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; legal education at Universities of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (economic, including h'shing, 200 nm)

3 nm (fishing, 200 nm)

Literacy

80%

40%

Major industries

textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine

Major trade partners

58% EC, 6% US, 2% Communist countries, 20% other developed countries, 12% less developed countries

Member of

Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $690 million; about 10.2% of central government budget 45 km Gulf of Bahrain ~* Persian Gulf Land About 1 1,000 km2; smaller than Connecticut; negligible forest; mostly desert, waste, or urban

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,418,000; 1,979,000 fit for military service; 90,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

160.85 escudos=US$l (October 1984)

National holiday

25 April

Nationality

noun — Portuguese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Portuguese

noun — Qatari(s); adjective — Qatari

Official name

Portuguese Republic

State of Qatar

Organized labor

about 45% of Portuguese labor is organized; the Communist-dominated General Confederation of Portuguese Workers — National Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents about half of the unionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union (UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and represents a little less than half of unionized labor Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 1 1 km .

Political subdivisions

18 districts in mainland Portugal; Portugal's two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira Islands, have 4 districts (3 of them in the Azores); Macau, Portugal's remaining overseas territory, was granted broad executive and legislative autonomy in February 1976; Portugal has not officially recognized the unilateral annexation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia

Population

10, 045,000 (July 1985), including the Azores and Madeira Islands; average annual growth rate 0.5%

301,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.4%

Ports

1 major, 34 minor

Railroads

3,602 km total: state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,830 km 1.665-meter gauge (432 km electrified and 426 km double track), 760 km meter gauge (1 .000 m); 1 2 km (1 . 435-meter gauge) electrified, double, nongovernment owned

Religion

97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other

95% Muslim

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

facilities are generally adequate; 1.57 million telephones (14.0 per 100 popl.); 47 AM, 55 FM, 66 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 3 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas (on mainland and Azores) Defense Forces

Type

republic, first government under new constitution formed July 1976

traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971

Voting strength

(1983 parliamentary election) Socialists, 36.3%; Social Democrats, 27.0%; Center Democrats, 12.4%; Communists (in a front coalition called the United Peoples Alliance— APU), 18.2%; (1982 local elections) Democratic Alliance (AD), which consists primarily of the PSD and the CDS, 41%; PS, 32.0%; APU, 21.5%