1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, abaca, tobacco

self-sufficient for minimum requirements; main crops — grain, sugar beets, oilseed, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar; importer of grains

Airfields

338 total, 289 usable; 68 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 49 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Constabulary — Integrated National Police

unicameral legislative (Sejm), executive, judicial system dominated by parallel Communist party apparatus

Polish People's Army, Internal Defense Forces, National Territorial Defense, National Air Defense Forces, Air Force Command, Navy

Budget

(1983) revenues, $4.1 billion; expenditures, $4.8 billion (capital expenditures, $.9 billion), deficit, $.7 billion

Capital

Warsaw

Civil air

approximately 53 major transport aircraft

Coastline

491 km People

Communists

the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) controls about 16,000 armed insurgents; not recognized as legal party; a second Communist party, the Philippine Communist Party (PKP), has quasi-legal status

2.2 million (1984)

Crude steel

16.2 million metric tons produced (1983), about 441 kg. per capita

Elections

parliamentary and local government every four years; March 1984 election postponed until mid-1985 Dominant political party and leader: Polish United (Communist) Workers' Party (PZPR), Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary (since October 1981)

Electric power

6,486,000 kW capacity (1984); 23 billion kWh produced (1984), 414 kWh per capita

28,173,000 kW capacity (1984); 131 billion kWh produced (1984), 3,550 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrainian, 0.5% Byelorussian, less than 0.05% Jewish, 0.2% other

Exports

$5.348 billion (f.o.b., 1984 prelim.); coconut products, sugar, logs and lumber, copper concentrates, bananas, garments, nickel, electrical components, gold

$16.703 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 46.3% machinery and equipment; 29.1% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 11.1% light industrial products, 8.1% agricultural and food products; 5.4% other (1983)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

same as calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 1.8 million metric tons (1982)

catch 715,000 metric tons (1983)

Freight carried

rail — 414.5 million metric tons (1983), 118.1 billion metric ton/km (1983); highway— 1,397.2 million metric tons, 34.0 billion metric ton/km (1983); waterway— 14.28 million metric tons, 1.5 billion metric ton/km (1983)

GNP

$32.093 billion (1984 prelim.), $630 per capita; —5.5% real growth, 1984 prelim.

$203.7 billion in 1983 (1982 dollars), $5,570 per capita; 1983 growth rate 3.8%

Government leaders

Army Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI, Chairman of Council of Ministers (Premier; since February 1981); Henryk JABLONSKI, Chairman of Council of State (President; since March 1972)

Highways

152,800 km total (1980); 27,800 km paved; 73,000 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 52,000 km unimproved earth

291,166 km total; 67,537 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 114,904 km crushed stone, gravel; 116,675 km earth (1982)

Imports

$5.928 billion (f.o.b., 1984 prelim.); petroleum, industrial equipment, wheat

$16.023 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 25.7% machinery and equipment; 39. 1% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 11.4% agricultural and food products; 6.4% light industrial products, 17.4% other (1983)

Inland waterways

3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels

4,040 km navigable rivers and canals (1983)

Labor force

19.3 million; 27% agriculture. 32% industry, 41% other nonagricultural (1980)

Land boundaries

3,090 km Water

Language

Polish, no significant dialects

Legal system

mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at seven law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (6 nm contiguous zone claimed in addition to the territorial sea; fishing 200 nm, lateral limits based on geographical coordinates)

Literacy

98%

Major industries

textiles, Pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly

machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing

Major trade partners

(1983) exports— 36% US, 20% Japan; imports— 23% US, 17% Japan

$32.726 billion (1983); 64% with Communist countries, 36% with West

Member of

ADB, ASEAN, ASP AC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, 1CAO, ICES, IHO, Indochina Truce Commission, IMO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, Korea Truce Commission, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, Warsaw Pact, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $404.5 million; about 13.5% of central government budget 160km See ref ionml map V Land 312,612 km2; smaller than New Mexico; 49% arable, 27% forest, 14% other agricultural, 10% other

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 211.9 billion zlotys; 8.7% of total budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 14,232,000; 10,087,000 fit for military service; about 597,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 9,397,000; 7,460,000 fit for military service; 256,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

(floating) 19.855 pesos=US$l (December 1984); 16.698 pesos=US$l (average 1984)

138 zlotys=US$l (February 1984)

National holiday

National Liberation Day, 22 July

Nationality

noun — Pole(s); adjective — Polish

Official name

Polish People's Republic

Organized labor

new government trade unions formed following dissolution of Solidarity and all government unions in October Government

Other political or pressure groups

United Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo-Catholic Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Patriotic Movement of National Rebirth (PRON)

Pipelines

refined products, 357 km

4,000 km for natural gas; 1,600 km for crude oil; 322 km for refined products

Political subdivisions

49 provinces

Population

37,236,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9%

Ports

10 major, numerous minor

4 major (Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie), 12 minor (1979); principal inland waterway ports are Gliwice, Wrotcaw, and Warsaw (1979) Defense Forces

Railroads

total rehabilitation of 474 km 1.067-meter gauge underway; 378 km operable (1982); 34% government owned

27,176 km total; 23,969 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 397 km 1.534-meter broad gauge, 2,810 km narrow gauge; 8,843 km double track; 3,828 km electrified; government owned (1983)

Religion

95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other

Ships

4 submarines, 1 principal surface combatant, 1 patrol combatant, 23 amphibious warfare ships, 23 mine warfare ships, 50 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 19 amphibious warfare craft, 26 mine warfare craft, 3 underway replenishment ships, 5 fleet support ships, 10 other auxiliaries

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age

Supply

limited small arms and small arms ammunition, small patrol craft production; licensed assembly of transport aircraft; most other materiel obtained from US; naval ships and equipment from Australia, Japan, Italy, Singapore, US, and Italy; aircraft and helicopters from West Germany, US, Italy, and the Netherlands

Telecommunications

good international radio and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate; 707,000 telephones (1.28 per 100 popl.); 267 AM stations, including 6 US; 55 FM stations; 33 TV stations, including 4 US; submarine cables extended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan; tropospheric-scatter link to Taiwan; 2 international ground satellite stations; 1 1 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

Type

Communist state

Voting strength

(March 1980 election) 98.87% voted for Communist-approved single slate