1984 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — oilseeds, cotton, wheat, manioc, sweet potatoes, tobacco, corn, rice, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most foods

main crops — wheat, potatoes, beans, rice, barley, coffee, cotton, sugarcane; imports — wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn

Aid

economic bilateral commitments, US (FY70-82) $148 million, other Western countries, ODA and OOF (1970-81) $360 million; military commitments (FY70-82), US $18 million

Airfields

933 total, 785 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,2202,439 m

240 total, 231 usable; 29 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 24 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 41 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

Member o/:FAO,G-77, 1 ADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, LAIA, OAS, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG Economy

Branches

Paraguayan Army, Paraguayan Navy, Paraguayan Air Force

executive, judicial, bicameral legislative (Senate, Chamber of Deputies)

War Army of Peru, Air Force of Peru, War Navy of Peru, Civil Guard, Republican Guard

Budget

(1980 est.) $405 million in revenues, $432 million in expenditures

1982— $3.6 billion in revenues, $4.3 billion in expenditures

Capital

Lima

Civil air

6 major transport aircraft

22 major transport aircraft

Coastline

2,414 km People

Communists

Communist Party of Peru (PCP), pro-Soviet, 2,000; pro-Chinese (2 factions) 1,200

Elections

elections for a civilian government were held on 18 May 1980, with the new government installed on 28 July 1980 Political parties and leaders: Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Alan Garcia; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes; United Left (IU), Alfonso Barrantes

Electric power

590,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1983), 400 kWh per capita

3,500,000 kW capacity (1983); 12.3 billion kWh produced (1983), 640 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

45% Indian; 37% mestizo (white-Indian); 15% white; 3% black, Japanese, Chinese, and other

Exports

$396 million (f.o.b., 1982); cotton, oilseeds, meat products, tobacco, timber, coffee, essential oils, tung oil

$3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1982); copper, fish and fish products, copper, silver, iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 3.452 million metric tons (1982); exports — oil, other products, $331 million (1979); meal, $202 million (1982)

GDP

$5.8 billion (1982, at current prices), $1,411 per capita; 1% public consumption; 78% private consumption (1982), 30% gross domestic investment, — 18% net foreign balance (1980); real growth rate 1982, -2%

GNP

$19.2 billion (1982 est.), $1,018 per capita; 72% private consumption, 15% public consumption, 21% gross investment; —4% net foreign balance (1982); real growth rate (1982), -1%

Government leader

Fernando BELAUNDE Terry, President; Sando MARIATEGUI, Prime Minister

Highways

12,700km total; 1,530 km paved, 600 km gravel, and 10,540 km earth

56,645 km total; 6,030 km paved, 11,865 km gravel, 14,610 km improved earth, 24,140 km unimproved earth

Imports

$711 million (f.o.b., 1982); fuels and lubricants, machinery and motors, motor vehicles, beverages and tobacco, foodstuffs

$3.8 billion (f.o.b., 1982); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Inland waterways

3,100 km

8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 208 km Lake Titicaca

Labor force

5.6 million (1980); 41% government and other services, 40% agriculture, 19% industry and mining

Land boundaries

6,131 km Water

Language

Spanish and Quechua (official), Aymara

Legal system

based on civil law system; 1979 constitution reestablished civilian government with a popularly elected president and bicameral legislature; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

Literacy

est. 72%

Major industries

meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, light consumer goods, cement

mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles and clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication

Major trade partners

exports — 23% Argentina, 18% Brazil, 14% Netherlands, 11% FRG, 8% Japan, 5% US, 5% Switzerland; imports—26% Brazil, 20% Argentina, 10% US, 8% FRG, 8% Japan, 5% UK (1981)

exports — 38% US, 18% Japan, 16% EC (1981); imports— 39% US, 25% EC, 9% Japan (1982)

Member of

Andean Pact, AIOEC, ASSIMER, CIPEC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, INTERPOL, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $128.4 million; 17.2% of central government budget Pacific Ocean V"™ Land 1,284,640 km2 (other estimates range as low as 1,248,380 km2); 55% forest; 29% urban, waste, or other; 14% meadow and pasture; 2% crop

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $1,229.0 million; 6.2% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 858,000; 682,000 fit for military service; 42,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 4,578,000; 3,102,000 fit for military service; 178,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

126 guaranies= US$1 (October 1983)

2394.27 soles= US$1 (February (1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 28 July

Nationality

noun — Peruvian(s); adjective — Peruvian

Official name

Republic of Peru

Organized labor

25% of labor force (1978) Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 64 km

Political subdivisions

23 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Province of Callao

Population

19,157,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.6%

Ports

1 major (Asuncion), 9 minor (all river)

7 major, 20 minor

Railroads

970 km total; 440 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 60 km 1.000-meter gauge, 470 km various narrow gauge (privately owned)

1,876 km total; 1,576 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 300 km 0.914-meter gauge

Religion

predominantly Roman Catholic

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

principal center in Asuncion, fair intercity microwave net; 58,700 telephones (1.8 per 100 popl.); 35 AM, 21 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

fairly adequate for most requirements; nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, 12 domestic antennas; 487,100 telephones (2.8 per 100 popl.); 212 AM, 20 FM, and 73 TV stations Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strength

(1980 presidential election) 45% AP, 27% APRA, 10% PPC