1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
1,284,640 km2 (other estimates range as low as 1,248,380 km2); 2% cropland, 14% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 29% urban, waste, other
Coastline
2,414 km
Land boundaries
6,131 km WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
200 nm
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
46% Indian; 38% mestizo (white-Indian); 15% white; 1% Negro, Japanese, Chinese
Labor force
5.3 million (1978); 42% agriculture, 20% services, 13% industry, 14% trade, 4% construction, 4% transportation, 1% mining, 2% other
Language
Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
Literacy
45% to 50%
Nationality
noun—Peruvian(s); adjective—Peruvian
Organized labor
25% of labor force (1978)
Population
18,631,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%
Religion
predominantly Roman Catholic
Government
Branches
executive, judicial, legislative
Capital
Lima
Communists
pro-Soviet (PCP/S) 2,000; pro-Chinese (2 factions) 1,200
Elections
elections for a civilian government were held on 18 May 1980, with the new government installed on 28 July 1980 Political parties and leaders: Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaúnde Terry; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Fernando León de Vivero; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes; United Left (IU), Alfonso Barrantes Voting strength (1980 presidential election): 45% AP, 27% APRA, 10% PPC
Government leader
President Fernando BELAUNDE Terry
Legal system
based on civil law system; 1979 constitution reestablished civilian government with a popularly elected president and bicameral legislature; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
AIOEC, ASSIMER, CIPEC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Pact, NAM, OAS, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day, 28 July
Official name
Republic of Peru
Political subdivisions
23 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Province of Callao
Suffrage
obligatory for literate citizens (defined as adult men and women and married persons over age 18) until age 60
Type
republic; under civilian government since July 1980
Economy
Agriculture
main crops—wheat, potatoes, beans, rice, barley, coffee, cotton, sugarcane; imports—wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn; caloric intake, 2,274 calories per day per capita (1977)
Budget
1979—$2.8 billion in revenues, $3.0 billion in expenditures Monetary conversion rate: 88.65 soles=US$1 (1980); floats against US dollar
Electric power
3,000,000 kW capacity (1981); 13.2 billion kWh produced (1981), 725 kWh per capita
Exports
$3.3 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); copper, fish and fish products, copper, silver, iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee
Fiscal year
calendar year
Fishing
catch 3.431 million metric tons (1979 prelim.); exports (meal, oil, other products) $331 million (1979)
GNP
$16.8 billion (1980 est.), $944 per capita; 66% private consumption, 10% public consumption, 14% gross investment; 10% net foreign balance (1979); real growth rate (1981), 3%
Imports
$3.8 million (f.o.b., 1981 est.); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Major industries
mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles and clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication
Major trade partners
exports—32% US, 8% Latin America, 15% EC, 13% Japan (1979); imports—37% US, 34% EC, 11% Latin America, 7% Japan (1979)
Communications
Airfields
301 total, 291 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
26 major transport aircraft
Highways
56,645 km total; 6,030 km paved, 11,865 km gravel, 14,610 km improved earth, 24,140 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways
8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 208 km Lake Titicaca
Pipelines
crude oil, 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 64 km
Ports
7 major, 20 minor
Railroads
2,192 km total; 1,775 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 46 km 0.60-meter gauge, 371 km 0.914-meter gauge
Telecommunications
fairly adequate for most requirements; new nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, 7 domestic antennas; 457,000 telephones (2.7 per 100 popl.); 200 AM, 7 FM, and 63 TV stations
Military and Security
Military manpower
males 15-49, 4,363,000; 2,955,000 fit for military service; 173,000 reach military age (20) annually