2013 Edition

Background

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. India-Pakistan relations have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, but both countries are taking small steps to put relations back on track. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary elections and in September 2008, after the resignation of former President MUSHARRAF, elected Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani government and military leaders are struggling to control domestic insurgents, many of whom are located in the tribal areas adjacent to the border with Afghanistan. In January 2012, Pakistan assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term.

Area

796,095 sq km 770,875 sq km 25,220 sq km

total

796,095 sq km

water

25,220 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Coastline

1,046 km

Elevation extremes

Indian Ocean 0 m K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

highest point

K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

lowest point

Indian Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands Marine Life Conservation

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Marine Life Conservation

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

183.5 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%) 1,038 cu m/yr (2008)

per capita

1,038 cu m/yr (2008)

total

183.5 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%)

Geographic coordinates

30 00 N, 70 00 E

Geography - note

controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

Irrigated land

199,900 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

6,774 km Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

border countries

Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

total

6,774 km

Land use

26.02% 1.05% 72.93% (2011)

arable land

26.02%

other

72.93% (2011)

permanent crops

1.05%

Location

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north

Map references

Asia

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

Natural resources

land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Terrain

flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west

Total renewable water resources

246.8 cu km (2011)

Age structure

34% (male 33,774,720/female 31,967,787) 21.6% (male 21,560,699/female 20,223,691) 35.1% (male 35,272,193/female 32,587,417) 5% (male 4,767,260/female 4,832,047) 4.3% (male 3,877,418/female 4,375,636) (2013 est.)

0-14 years

34% (male 33,774,720/female 31,967,787)

15-24 years

21.6% (male 21,560,699/female 20,223,691)

25-54 years

35.1% (male 35,272,193/female 32,587,417)

55-64 years

5% (male 4,767,260/female 4,832,047)

65 years and over

4.3% (male 3,877,418/female 4,375,636) (2013 est.)

Birth rate

23.76 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

30.9% (2011)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

27% (2007/08)

Death rate

6.69 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios

61.8 % 54.7 % 7.1 % 14.1 (2013)

elderly dependency ratio

7.1 %

potential support ratio

14.1 (2013)

total dependency ratio

61.8 %

youth dependency ratio

54.7 %

Drinking water source

urban: 96% of population rural: 89% of population total: 92% of population urban: 4% of population rural: 11% of population total: 8% of population (2010 est.)

rural

11% of population

total

8% of population (2010 est.)

urban

4% of population

Education expenditures

2.4% of GDP (2010)

Ethnic groups

Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%

Health expenditures

2.5% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

5,800 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

98,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

59.35 deaths/1,000 live births 62.56 deaths/1,000 live births 55.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

female

55.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

total

59.35 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

Life expectancy at birth

66.71 years 64.84 years 68.66 years (2013 est.)

female

68.66 years (2013 est.)

total population

66.71 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 54.9% 68.6% 40.3% (2009 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

40.3% (2009 est.)

male

68.6%

total population

54.9%

Major infectious diseases

high bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever dengue fever and malaria rabies highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

animal contact disease

rabies

degree of risk

high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

dengue fever and malaria

Major urban areas - population

Karachi 13.125 million; Lahore 7.132 million; Faisalabad 2.849 million; Rawalpindi 2.026 million; ISLAMABAD (capital) 832,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

260 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

22.2 years 22.2 years 22.3 years (2013 est.)

female

22.3 years (2013 est.)

male

22.2 years

total

22.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

22.7 (2007 est.)

Nationality

Pakistani(s) Pakistani

adjective

Pakistani

noun

Pakistani(s)

Net migration rate

-1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

5.5% (2008)

Physicians density

0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

193,238,868 (July 2013 est.)

Population growth rate

1.52% (2013 est.)

Religions

Muslim (official) 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.6% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 72% of population rural: 34% of population total: 48% of population urban: 28% of population rural: 66% of population total: 52% of population (2010 est.)

rural

66% of population

total

52% of population (2010 est.)

urban

28% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

8 years 8 years 7 years (2011)

female

7 years (2011)

male

8 years

total

8 years

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female 1.07 male(s)/female 1.08 male(s)/female 0.98 male(s)/female 0.89 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.08 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.89 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.06 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.96 children born/woman (2013 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

7.7% 7% 10.5% (2008)

female

10.5% (2008)

total

7.7%

Urbanization

36.2% of total population (2011) 2.68% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

2.68% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

36.2% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of two administrative entities: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan

the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of two administrative entities

Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan

Capital

Islamabad 33 41 N, 73 03 E UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

33 41 N, 73 03 E

name

Islamabad

time difference

UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times); amended many times, last in 2012 (2012)

Country name

Islamic Republic of Pakistan Pakistan Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan Pakistan West Pakistan

conventional long form

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

conventional short form

Pakistan

former

West Pakistan

local long form

Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan

local short form

Pakistan

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Richard OLSON (since 24 September 2012) Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad 8100 Islamabad Pl., Washington, DC 20521-8100 [92] (51) 208-0000 [92] (51) 227-6427 Karachi Lahore, Peshawar

chief of mission

Ambassador Richard OLSON (since 24 September 2012)

consulate(s)

Lahore, Peshawar

consulate(s) general

Karachi

embassy

Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad

FAX

[92] (51) 227-6427

mailing address

8100 Islamabad Pl., Washington, DC 20521-8100

telephone

[92] (51) 208-0000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador (acting) Asad KHAN, Dr. 3517 International Court, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 243-6500 [1] (202) 686-1534 Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Sunnyvale (CA) Chicago, Houston

chancery

3517 International Court, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador (acting) Asad KHAN, Dr.

consulate(s)

Chicago, Houston

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Sunnyvale (CA)

FAX

[1] (202) 686-1534

telephone

[1] (202) 243-6500

Executive branch

President Mamnoon HUSSAIN (since 9 September 2013) Prime Minister Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF (since 5 June 2013) Cabinet appointed by the president upon the advice of the prime minister president elected by secret ballot through an Electoral College comprising the members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a five-year term; election last held on 9 September 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister selected by the National Assembly Mamnoon HUSSAIN elected president; Mamnoon HUSSAIN 432 votes, Wajihuddin AHMED 77 votes

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president upon the advice of the prime minister

chief of state

President Mamnoon HUSSAIN (since 9 September 2013)

election results

Mamnoon HUSSAIN elected president; Mamnoon HUSSAIN 432 votes, Wajihuddin AHMED 77 votes

elections

president elected by secret ballot through an Electoral College comprising the members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a five-year term; election last held on 9 September 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister selected by the National Assembly

head of government

Prime Minister Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF (since 5 June 2013)

Flag description

green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Government type

federal republic

Independence

14 August 1947 (from British India)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ADB, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Pakistan (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges) justices nominated by an 8-member Majlis-e-Shoora (parliamentary) Committee upon the recommendation of the Judicial Commission (a 9-member body of several judges and other judicial professionals), and appointed by the president of Pakistan; justices can serve until age 65 High Courts; Federal Shariat Court; provincial and district civil and criminal courts; specialized courts for issues such as taxation, banking, customs, etc.

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Pakistan (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges)

judge selection and term of office

justices nominated by an 8-member Majlis-e-Shoora (parliamentary) Committee upon the recommendation of the Judicial Commission (a 9-member body of several judges and other judicial professionals), and appointed by the president of Pakistan; justices can serve until age 65

subordinate courts

High Courts; Federal Shariat Court; provincial and district civil and criminal courts; specialized courts for issues such as taxation, banking, customs, etc.

Legal system

common law system with Islamic law influence

Legislative branch

bicameral parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (104 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one half are elected every three years) and the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members elected by popular vote; 60 seats reserved for women; 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims; members serve five-year terms) Senate - last held on 2 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2015); National Assembly - last held on 11 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018) Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPPP 41, PML-N 14, ANP 12, JUI-F 7, MQM 7, PML-Q 5, BNP-A 4, NPP 1, PML-F 1, independents 12; National Assembly - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party as of June 2013) - PML-N 126, PPPP 31, PTI 28, MQM 18, JUI-F 10, PML-F 5, other 22, independents 25, unfilled seats 7; 60 seats reserved for women, 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims

election results

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPPP 41, PML-N 14, ANP 12, JUI-F 7, MQM 7, PML-Q 5, BNP-A 4, NPP 1, PML-F 1, independents 12; National Assembly - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party as of June 2013) - PML-N 126, PPPP 31, PTI 28, MQM 18, JUI-F 10, PML-F 5, other 22, independents 25, unfilled seats 7; 60 seats reserved for women, 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims

elections

Senate - last held on 2 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2015); National Assembly - last held on 11 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018)

National anthem

"Qaumi Tarana" (National Anthem) Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez JULLANDHURI/Ahmed Ghulamali CHAGLA adopted 1954; the anthem is also known as "Pak sarzamin shad bad" (Blessed Be the Sacred Land)

lyrics/music

Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez JULLANDHURI/Ahmed Ghulamali CHAGLA

name

"Qaumi Tarana" (National Anthem)

National holiday

Pakistan Day (also referred to as Pakistan Resolution Day or Republic Day), 23 March (1940); note - commemorates both the adoption of the Lahore Resolution by the All-India Muslim League during its 22-24 March 1940 session, which called for the creation of independent Muslim states, and the adoption of the first constitution of Pakistan during the transition to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on 23 March 1956

National symbol(s)

star and crescent

Political parties and leaders

Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN] Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH] Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Syed Munawar HASAN] Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR] Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazl-ur REHMAN] Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Sami-ul HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ] Jamiat-i Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [Abul Khair ZUBAIR] Millat-e-Jafferia [Allama Sajid NAQVI] Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN] National Peoples Party or NPP Pakhtun-khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI] Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI] Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid-i Azam or PML-Q [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN] Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO] Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF] Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif Ali ZARDARI, co-chairman] Pakistan Peoples Party-S [Aftab Ahmad SHERPAO] Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO] Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN] political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently

Political pressure groups and leaders

military (most important political force); ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants

other

military (most important political force); ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal; note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims

Agriculture - products

cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs

Budget

$27.48 billion $42.15 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$42.15 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$27.48 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-6.6% of GDP (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate

12% (31 January 2012 est.) 14% (31 December 2010 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

12.41% (31 December 2012 est.) 14.12% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$-2.072 billion (2012 est.) $-2.234 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$54.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $60.18 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

30.6 (FY07/08) 41 (FY98/99)

Economy - overview

Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Agriculture accounts for more than one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Official unemployment is under 6%, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Over the past few years, low growth and high inflation, led by a spurt in food prices, have increased the amount of poverty - the UN Human Development Report estimated poverty in 2011 at almost 50% of the population. Inflation has worsened the situation, climbing from 7.7% in 2007 to almost 12% for 2011, before declining to 10% in 2012. As a result of political and economic instability, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated more than 40% since 2007. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis. Although the economy has stabilized since the crisis, it has failed to recover. Foreign investment has not returned, due to investor concerns related to governance, energy, security, and a slow-down in the global economy. Remittances from overseas workers, averaging about $1 billion a month since March 2011, remain a bright spot for Pakistan. However, after a small current account surplus in fiscal year 2011 (July 2010/June 2011), Pakistan's current account turned to deficit in fiscal year 2012, spurred by higher prices for imported oil and lower prices for exported cotton. Pakistan remains stuck in a low-income, low-growth trap, with growth averaging about 3% per year from 2008 to 2012. Pakistan must address long standing issues related to government revenues and energy production in order to spur the amount of economic growth that will be necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, more than half of which is under 22. Other long term challenges include expanding investment in education and healthcare, adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters, and reducing dependence on foreign donors.

Exchange rates

Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - 93.4 (2012 est.) 86.34 (2011 est.) 85.19 (2010 est.) 81.71 (2009) 70.64 (2008)

Exports

$24.71 billion (2012 est.) $26.31 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs

Exports - partners

US 13.6%, China 11.1%, UAE 8.5%, Afghanistan 7.8% (2012)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

GDP - composition, by end use

82.5% 10.5% 13.3% 1.6% 12.3% -20.3% (2012 est.)

exports of goods and services

12.3%

government consumption

10.5%

household consumption

82.5%

imports of goods and services

-20.3%

investment in fixed capital

13.3%

investment in inventories

1.6%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

24.4% 22% 53.6% (2012 est.)

agriculture

24.4%

industry

22%

services

53.6% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$3,100 (2012 est.) $3,000 (2011 est.) $2,900 (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4.4% (2012 est.) 3.7% (2011 est.) 2.6% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$222.5 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$546.7 billion (2012 est.) $523.8 billion (2011 est.) $505.3 billion (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

Gross national saving

13.3% of GDP (2012 est.) 12.9% of GDP (2011 est.) 14.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

3.9% 39.3% (FY07/08)

highest 10%

39.3% (FY07/08)

lowest 10%

3.9%

Imports

$40.07 billion (2012 est.) $38.85 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea

Imports - partners

China 19.7%, Saudi Arabia 12.3%, UAE 12.1%, Kuwait 6.3% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

2.7% (2012 est.)

Industries

textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

9.7% (2012 est.) 11.9% (2011 est.)

Labor force

59.21 million extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2012 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

45.1% 20.7% 34.2% (2010 est.)

agriculture

45.1%

industry

20.7%

services

34.2% (2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$32.76 billion (31 December 2011) $38.17 billion (31 December 2010) $33.24 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

22.3% (FY05/06 est.)

Public debt

52.1% of GDP (2012 est.) 48.7% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$13.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $18.09 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$76.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $71.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$1.519 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $1.432 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$22.73 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $21.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$94.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $86.76 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$62.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $56.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

12.4% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

6% (2012 est.) 6% (2011 est.) substantial underemployment exists

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

139.7 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

151,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

61,660 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

247.5 million bbl (1 January 2013 es)

Electricity - consumption

70.1 billion kWh (2011 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

68.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

29.6% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

2.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

22.27 million kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

94.65 billion kWh (2011 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

39.15 billion cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

679.6 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

426,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

34,660 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

227,100 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

210,100 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 5 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40 stations; nearly 100 commercially licensed privately owned radio stations provide programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2007)

Internet country code

.pk

Internet hosts

365,813 (2012)

Internet users

20.431 million (2009)

Telephone system

the telecommunications infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments in fixed-line and mobile-cellular networks; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks; mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed, exceeding 110 million by the end of 2011, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; more than 90 percent of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage and more than half of all Pakistanis have access to a cell phone; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth; fixed line availability has risen only marginally over the same period and there are still difficulties getting fixed-line service to rural areas country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2011)

domestic

mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed, exceeding 110 million by the end of 2011, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; more than 90 percent of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage and more than half of all Pakistanis have access to a cell phone; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth; fixed line availability has risen only marginally over the same period and there are still difficulties getting fixed-line service to rural areas

general assessment

the telecommunications infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments in fixed-line and mobile-cellular networks; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks;

international

country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

5.803 million (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

125 million (2013)

Airports

151 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

10 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

43

2,438 to 3,047 m

20

914 to 1,523 m

20

over 3,047 m

15

total

108

under 914 m

10 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

24 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

9

2,438 to 3,047 m

1

914 to 1,523 m

9

total

43

Heliports

23 (2013)

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 5, cargo 3, petroleum tanker 3 11 (Comoros 5, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 1, Panama 3, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1) (2010)

registered in other countries

11 (Comoros 5, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 1, Panama 3, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1) (2010)

total

11

Pipelines

gas 12,646 km; oil 2,576 km; refined products 1,087 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim

Railways

7,791 km 7,479 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) 312 km 1.000-m gauge (2007)

narrow gauge

312 km 1.000-m gauge (2007)

total

7,791 km

Roadways

262,256 km 189,218 km (includes 708 km of expressways) 73,038 km (2010)

total

262,256 km

unpaved

73,038 km (2010)

Manpower available for military service

48,453,305 44,898,096 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

44,898,096 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

48,453,305

Manpower fit for military service

37,945,440 37,381,549 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

37,381,549 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

37,945,440

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

2,237,723 2,104,906 (2010 est.)

female

2,104,906 (2010 est.)

male

2,237,723

Military branches

Pakistan Army (includes National Guard), Pakistan Navy (includes Marines and Maritime Security Agency), Pakistan Air Force (Pakistan Fiza'ya) (2013)

Military expenditures

3.1% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

16-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors; the Pakistan Air Force recruits aviation technicians at age 15; service obligation (Navy) 10-18 years; retirement required after 18-30 years service or age 40-52 (2012)

Disputes - international

various talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004 cease-fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; by 2005, Pakistan, with UN assistance, repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees leaving slightly more than a million, many of whom remain at their own choosing; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps

Illicit drugs

significant transit area for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran, Western markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems; opium poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in 2007 with 600 of those hectares eradicated; federal and provincial authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns that utilizes forced eradication, fines, and arrests

Refugees and internally displaced persons

2.9 million (1.9 million registered, 1 million undocumented ) (Afghanistan) (2013) 758,000 (primarily includes IDPs who remain displaced by conflict in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber-Paktunkwa Province that peaked in 2009) (2013)

IDPs

758,000 (primarily includes IDPs who remain displaced by conflict in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber-Paktunkwa Province that peaked in 2009) (2013)

refugees (country of origin)

2.9 million (1.9 million registered, 1 million undocumented ) (Afghanistan) (2013)