1987 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1987 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Administrative divisions
four provinces (Baluchistan, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sind) and 1 territory (Federally Administered Tribal Areas)
Capital
Islamabad
Communists
party is outlawed, membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand
Elections
opposition agitation against rigging elections in March 1977 led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but postponed them indefinitely; elections for municipal bodies were held in 1979 and 1983; nonparty national elections were held in February 1985; many outlawed political parties boycotted polling Political parties and leaders: relegalized in December 1985 under legislation requiring parties to register and open books for inspection; government still has wide authority under civil code to restrict political activity; law requires disqualification of any parliamentary delegate who changes party affiliation; majority party in parliament is Pakistan Muslim League (PML), Mohammed Khan Juneio; principal opposition party is the secular socialist Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), Benazir Bhutto (major leader); others include National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari and the Awami National Party (ANP), Abdul Wali Khan; all the aforementioned are in the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD), formed in February 1981; Pakistan National Party (PNP), Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Baluch elements of the former NAP); Tehrik-iIstiqlal, Asghar Khan; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-iIslam (JUD, Fazlur Rahman; National People’s Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi
Government leaders
Gen. Mohammed ZIA-UL-HAQ, President and Army Chief of Staff (since July 1977); confirmed as President through March 1990 in special referendum in December 1984; Mohammed Khan JUNEJO, Prime Minister (since March 1985)
Legal system
based on English common law but gradually being transformed to correspond to Koranic injunction; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; President Zia’s government has established Islamic Sharia courts paralleling the secular courts and has introduced Koranic punishments for criminal offenses; martial law courts abolished 30 December 1985, and all cases, including those concerning national security, now require due process
Member of
ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB—Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NAM, OIC, Economic Cooperation Organization, SAARC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WFTU, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO
National holiday
Pakistan Day, 23 March
Other political or pressure groups
military remains dominant political force; Ulema (clergy), industrialists, and small merchants also influential
Suffrage
universal from age 18
Total area
400 km Gilgit , daromu And pepe Pashawer s Boundary representation is not necesaarily authoritative * ISLAMABAD Gulf of
Type
parliamentary with strong executive, federal republic
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtun (Pathan), Baluch
Infant mortality rate
119/1,000 (1983)
Labor force
28.6 million (1985 est.); extensive export of labor; 53% agriculture, 19% industry, 28% services
Language
Urdu and English (official); total spoken languages—64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 7% Urdu, 9% Baluchi and other; English is lingua franca
Life expectancy
men 51, women 49
Literacy
24%
Nationality
noun—Pakistani(s); adjective—Pakistani
Organized labor
about 10% of industrial work force
Population
104,600,799 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 2.74%
Religion
97% Muslim, 3% Christian, Hindu, and other
Government
Official name
Islamic Republic of
Economy
Agriculture
wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade
Budget
current expenditures, $5.4 billion; development expenditures, $2.6 billion (FY86)
Electric power
5,731,000 kW capacity; 22,590 million kWh produced, 220 kWh per capita (1986)
Exports
$3.1 billion (c.i.f., FY86); primarily rice, cotton, and textiles
Fiscal year
1 July-30 June
Fishing
catch 343,400 metric tons (1983)
GNP
$82 billion (FY86 est.); $310 per capita (FY86); real growth 7.3% (FY86)
Imports
$5.6 billion (f.0.b., FY86); petroleum (crude and products), cooking oil, machinery
Major industries
cotton textiles, steel, food processing, engineering, chemicals, natural gas
Major trade partners
exports—US 10%, Japan 10%, UK 8%; imports—Japan 15%, US 12%, Germany 9% (FY86)
Monetary conversion rate
17.2 rupees=US$1 (FY86 average)
Natural resources
land, extensive natural gas, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore
Communications
Airfields
117 total, 99 usable; 70 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,440-8,659 m, 43 with runways 1,200-2,439 m
Civil air
30 major transport aircraft
Highways
101,315 km total (1985); 40,155 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 29,000 km improved earth, and 9,160 km unimproved earth or sand tracks
Inland waterways
negligible
Pipelines
250 km crude oil; 2,269 km natural gas; 885 km refined products
Ports
2 major, 4 minor
Railroads
(1985) 10,097 km total; 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km meter gauge, and 610 km narrow gauge; 1,037 km broad gauge double track; 286 km electrified; government owned
Telecommunications
good international radiocommunication service over microwave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic radio communications poor; broadcast service good; 474,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 21 AM, 23 FM, 16 TV stations; 2 satellite ground stations
Military and Security
Branches
Army, Air Force, Navy, Civil Armed Forces, National Guards
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 30 June 1986, $2.17 billion; about 33.6% of central government budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 24,249,000; 14,865,000 fit for military service; 1,196,000 reach military age (17) annually