1986 Edition

Agriculture

extensive irrigation; main crops — wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade

Airfields

1 17 total, 98 usable; 69 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 41 with runways 1,200-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Royal Oman Police

Army, Air Force, Navy, Civil Armed Forces, National Guards

Budget

FY85 — current expenditures, $4.9 billion; development expenditures, $1.3 billion (reflects impact of rupee devaluation)

Capital

Islamabad

Civil air

30 major transport aircraft

Coastline

1,046 km People

Communists

party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand; party is outlawed

Elections

opposition agitation against rigging elections in March 1977 led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but postponed them indefinitely; elections for municipal bodies were held in 1979 and 1983; nonparty national elections were held in February 1985; many outlawed political parties boycotted polling Political parties and leaders: relegalized in December 1985 under legislation requiring parties to register and open books for inspection; government still has wide authority under civil code to restrict political activity; law requires disqualification of any parliamentary delegate who changes party affiliation; majority party in parliament is Pakistan Muslim League (PML), Mohammed Khan Junejo; principle opposition party is secular socialist; Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir Bhutto (major leader); others include Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed National Awami Party — NAP — of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); all the aforementioned are in the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD), formed in February 1981; Pakistan National Party (PNP), Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Baluch elements of the former NAP); Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Fazlur Rahman

Electric power

5,187,000 kW capacity (1985); 20.42 billion kWh produced (1985), 206 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtan (Pathan), Baluchi

Exports

$2.5 billion (f.o.b., FY85); primarily rice, cotton, and textiles

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

Fishing

catch 343,400 metric tons (1983)

GNP

figures reflect impact of rupee devaluation in 1982; $31 billion (FY85 est); $300 per capita (FY85); real growth 8.4% (FY85)

Government leader

Gen. Mohammed ZIAUL-HAQ, President and Army Chief of Staff (since July 1977); confirmed as President through March 1990 in special referendum in December 1984; Prime Minister Mohammed Khan JUNEJO (since March 1985)

Highways

98,000 km total (1984); 40,000 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 29,000 improved earth, and unimproved earth road sand tracks

Imports

$5.9 billion (f.o.b., FY85); petroleum (crude and products), cooking oil, and defense equipment

Infant mortality rate

119/1,000(1983)

Inland waterways

negligible

Labor force

25.24 million (1982 est); extensive export of labor; 52% agriculture, 21% industry, 8% services, 19% other

Land boundaries

5,900 km Water

Language

Urdu and English (official); total spoken languages — 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 7% Urdu, 9% Baluchi and other; English is lingua franca

Legal system

based on English common law but gradually being transformed to correspond to Koranic injunction; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; President Zia's government has established Islamic Sharia courts paralleling the secular courts and has introduced Koranic punishments for criminal offenses; martial law courts abolished 30 December 1985, and all cases, including those concerning national security, now require due process

Life expectancy

men 51, women 49

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Literacy

24%

Major industries

cotton textiles, steel, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas

Major trade partners

FY85 exports — Japan 12%, US 10%, Saudi Arabia 7%, UK 7%, Iran 2%; imports— Japan 13%, US 12%, Saudi Arabia 11%, UK 6%, Malaysia 6%, China 3%, Iran 1%

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OIC, Economic Cooperation Organization, SAARC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WFTU, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $2.075 billion; 37.4% of central government budget 400km Set rttionilmip VIII Land 803,943 km2 (excludes Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir, the Pakistani-controlled parts of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir); larger than Texas; 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 34% probably mostly waste; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 3% forested

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1986, $2. 19 billion; about 26% of central government budget s, National Guards

for fiscal year ending 20 June 1986, $2. 19 billion; about 26% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 285,000; 162,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 24,519,000; 16,686,000 fit for military service; 1 ,234,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 24,519,000; 16,686,000 fit for military service; 1,234,000 reach military age (17) annually

Monetary conversion rate

15.89 rupees=US$l (FY85 average); in January 1982, the rupee was delinked from the US dollar and floated

National holiday

Pakistan Day, 23 March

Nationality

noun — Pakistani(s); adjective — Pakistani

Natural resources

land, extensive natural gas, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore

Official name

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Organized labor

negligible Government

Other political or pressure groups

military remains dominant political force; Ulema (clergy), industrialists, and small merchants also influential

Pipelines

250 km crude oil; 2,269 km natural gas; 750 km refined products

Political subdivisions

four provinces (Baluchistan, NorthWest Frontier, Punjab, Sind), 1 territory (Federally Administered Tribal Areas)

Population

101, 855,000, excluding Junagadh, Manavadar, Cilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu and Kashmir (July 1986); average annual growth rate 2.6%

Ports

2 major, 4 minor

Railroads

( 1984) 8,822 km 1.676-meter broad gauge, 535 km 1.000-meter gauge, and 610 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge; 1,037 km broad gauge double track and 286 km electrified; government owned

Religion

97% Muslim, 3% Christian, Hindu, and other

Suffrage

universal from age 18 Pakistan (continued)

Telecommunications

good international radiocommunication service over microwave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic radio communications poor; broadcast service good; 314,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, no FM, 16 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces

Type

parliamentary with strong executive, federal republic; military seized power 5 July 1977; President Mohammed Zia-ulHaq lifted martial law and restored 1973 Constitution on 30 December 1985 but retained his position as Army Chief of Staff; parliament, elected in February 1985, serves 5-year term