1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
803,000 km2 (includes Pakistani part of Jammu-Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested
Coastline
1,046 km
Land boundaries
5,900 km WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)
People and Society
Labor force
24.45 million (1981 est.); 52% agriculture, 21% industry, 27% services.
Language
official, Urdu; total spoken languages—7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca
Literacy
24% (1980)
Nationality
noun—Pakistani(s); adjective—Pakistani
Organized labor
5% of labor force
Population
93,106,000, excluding Junagadh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir, (July 1982); average annual growth rate 2.9%
Religion
97% Muslim, 3% other
Government
Capital
Islāmābād
Communists
party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand
Elections
opposition agitation against rigging elections in March 1977 led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but postponed them; in 1979 elections were postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), pro-Bhutto wing, Mrs. Z. A. Bhutto, moderate wing, Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi; Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed National Awami Party—NAP—of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); the above two are the main groups in the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD), formed in February 1981; Pakistan National Party (PNP), Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Baluch elements of the former NAP); Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; Pakistan National Alliance (PNA), a disintegrating coalition of six parties including Pakistan Muslim League (PML)—Pir of Pagaro group; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Fazlur Rahman
Government leader
President and Chief Martial Law Administrator Gen. Mohammad ZIA-UL-HAQ
Legal system
based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; President Zia's government has established Islamic Shariat courts paralleling the secular courts and has introduced Koranic punishments for criminal offenses
Member of
ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NAM, RCD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO
National holiday
Pakistan Day, 23 March
Official name
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Other political or pressure groups
military remains strong political force
Political subdivisions
four provinces—Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and North-West Frontier—with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Pakistan claims that Azad Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with India, but it is in fact under Pakistani control
Suffrage
universal from age 18
Type
parliamentary, federal republic; military seized power 5 July 1977 and temporarily suspended some constitutional provisions
Economy
Agriculture
extensive irrigation; main crops—wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton
Budget
FY81—current expenditure, $3,213.7 million; capital expenditures, $2,669.8 million
Electric power
3,920,000 kW capacity (1980); 17.64 billion kWh produced (1980), 207 kWh per capita
Exports
$2,958 million (f.o.b., FY81); primarily rice, cotton (raw and manufactured), carpets, rugs and mats, petroleum products, leather
Fiscal year
1 July-30 June
Fishing
catch 304,500 metric tons (FY81 est.)
GNP
$27.8 billion (FY81 est.), $332 per capita; average annual real growth, 5.7% (FY79-81)
Imports
$5,486 million (f.o.b., FY81; petroleum crude and products, sugar, machinery, tea, medicaments, chemicals, iron and steel
Major industries
cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas
Major trade partners
US, UK, West Germany, Saudi Arabia, Japan, China
Monetary conversion rate
9.9 rupees=US$1 (February 1973 through January 1982)
Communications
Airfields
111 total, 92 usable; 69 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 41 with runways 1,200-2,439 m
Civil air
27 major transport aircraft
Highways
80,500 km total (1981); 23,500 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 3,100 km improved earth, 30,900 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways
negligible
Pipelines
230 km crude oil; 1,600 km natural gas
Ports
2 major, 4 minor
Railroads
8,815 km total (1981); 535 km meter gauge (1.000 m), 7,670 km broad gauge (1.676 m), 610 km narrow gauge (0.762 m); 1,022 km double track; 286 km electrified; government owned
Telecommunications
good international radiocommunication service over microwave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic radiocommunications poor; broadcast service good; 314,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, no FM, 16 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station
Military and Security
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $1.77 billion; about 27% of central government budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 21,754,000; 14,795,000 fit for military service; 1,108,000 reach military age (17) annually