1983 Edition

Agriculture

export crops include copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, and bananas, with subsistence crops of yarns and taro Major industry, fruit processing

main crops — bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, corn, potatoes, rice

dominated by coconut production, with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas

cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconuts, bananas, taro, and yams

Aid

Australia (1980-83), $2.0 million; Australia and New Zealand (1977), $6.5 million

economic — bilateral commitments of ODA and OOF (FY70-82), US, $233 million; other Western countries (1970-81), $276 million; military— (FY70-82) US, $53 million

(1978) France, European Development Fund, $2.6 million

economic commitments — US (FY7082), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-81), $98 million

Airfields

6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

152 total, 151 usable; 21 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways, 1 with runways 1,2202,439 m

4 total, 4 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways, 1 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

About 240 km2 Water

283,561 km2 (including Galapagos Islands); 55% forest; 11% cultivated, 8% meadow and pasture; 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available

21,476 km2; 32% crop (9% corn, 7% coffee, 5% cotton, 11% other); 31% nonagricultural; 26% meadow and pasture; 11% forest

997 km2 (169 islands, only 36 inhabited); 77% arable, 13% forest, 3% pasture, 3% inland water, 4% other Water

About 207 km2 Water

2,934 km2; comprised of 2 large islands of Savai'i and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manono and Apolima; 65% forest; 24% cultivated; 11% industry, waste, or urban Water

Branches

New Zealand Governor General appoints Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand Government; Representative appoints the Prime Minister; Parliament of 24 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only

executive; unicameral legislature (Chamber of Representatives); independent judiciary

Ecuadorean Army, Ecuadorean Air Force, Ecuadorean War Navy

territorial assembly of 20 members; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris and one senator

Head of State and Executive Council; unicameral legislature (47-member Legislative Assembly); Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, village courts

Budget

(1982) revenues, $1,424 million; expenditures, $2,155 million

(1982 est.) revenue $36.9 million, expenditure $37.6 million, development expenditure $34.9 million

Capital

Rarotonga

Quito

Matu Utu

Apia

Civil air

no major transport aircraft

48 major transport aircraft

3 major transport aircraft

CNP

$130 million (1978), $770 per capita

Coastline

about 120 km People

2,237 km (includes Galapagos Islands) People

307 km People

419 km (est.) People

about 129 km People

403 km People

Communists

Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-Moscow, Rene Mauge — secretary general), 6,000 members; Communist Party of Ecuador/Marxist Leninist (PCMLE, independent), 6,000 members; Revolutionary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE, proCuba), 100 members plus an estimated 5,000 sympathizers

unknown

Elections

every five years, latest in November 1983 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey Henry; Democratic Party, Thomas Davis

parliamentary and presidential elections held January 1984; second-stage presidential election to be held May 1984 Political parties and leaders: Popular Democracy (DP, the party of President Hurtado); Christian Democratic, Julio Cesar Trujillo; Democratic Left (ID); Social Democratic, Rodrigo Borja; Radical Alfarist Front (FRA), Cecilia Calderon de Castro, populist; Social Christian Party (PSC), Leon Febres Cordero, center-right; Democratic Party (PD), Francisco Huerta, center-left; Radical Liberal Party, Blasco Pefiaherrera, centerright; Conservative Party, JoseTeran, center-right; Concentration of Popular Forces (CFP), Averroes Bucaram, populist; People, Change, and Democracy (PCD), Aquiles Rigail, center-left; Ecuadorean Roldocist Party (PRE), Abdala Bucaram, populist; Democratic Popular Movement (MPD), Jaime Hurtado, Communist; Revolutionary Nationalist Party (PNR), Carlos Julio Arosemena, center-right; Democratic Institutionalist Coalition, Otto Arosemena, center-right; Broad Leftist Front (FADI), Rene Mauge, pro-Moscow Communist

every five years Economy

held triennially, last in February Political parties and leaders: no clearly defined political party structure

Electric power

4,000 kW capacity (1981); 13 million kWh produced (1981), 764 kWh per capita

1,300,000 kW capacity (1983); 3.2 billion kWh produced (1983), 360 kWh per capita

1,000 kW capacity (1981); 1 million kWh produced (1981), 91 kWh per capita

18,500 kW capacity (1982); 45 million kWh produced (1982), 282 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other

55% mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish), 25% Indian, 10% Spanish, 10% black

89% mestizo, 10% Indian, 1% white

Polynesian; about 300 Europeans

almost entirely Polynesian

Samoan; about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood), 700 Europeans

Exports

$3.0 million (1977); copra, fresh and canned fruit

$2. 1 billion(f.o.b., 1982); petroleum, bananas, coffee, cocoa, fish products

negligible

$9 million (f.o.b., 1982); copra 43.3%, cocoa 32.3%, timber 2.0%, mineral fuel, bananas

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 746,100 metric tons (1982 est); exports $210 million (1982), imports negligible

GDP

$15.4 million (1977), $860 per capita (1978)

GNP

$13.3 billion (1982), $1,507 per capita; 61% private consumption, 15% public consumption, 26% gross investment, —2% foreign (1982); growth rate - 1.5% (1983)

Government budget

$121 million (1977)

Government leader

Dr. Thomas DAVIS, Prime Minister

Dr. Osvaldo HURTADO Larrea, President

Government leaders

Pierre ISSAC, Superior Administrator; Robert THIL, President of Territorial Assembly

MALIETOA Tanumafili II, Head of State; Taisi Tupuola Tofilau ETI, Prime Minister

Highways

187 km total (1980); 35 km paved, 35 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 33 km unimproved earth

69,280 km total; 11,925 km paved, 24,400 km gravel, 32,955 km earth roads

100 km of improved road on Uvea Island (1977)

784 km total; 375 km bituminous, remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth

Imports

$16.8 million (1977); foodstuffs, textiles, fuels

$2.0 billion (c.i.f., 1982); agricultural and industrial machinery, industrial raw materials, building supplies, chemical products, transportation and communication equipment

$3.4 million (1977); largely foodstuffs and some equipment associated with development programs

$38 million (c.i.f., 1982); food 30%, manufactured goods 25%, machinery

Inland waterways

none

1,500 km

none

Labor force

(1983) 2.8 million; 52% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 7% commerce, 4% construction, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities

1.7 million (est. 1982); 50% agriculture; 29% public and private services; 14% manufacturing and construction; 7% commerce; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation

agriculture 10,303; mining 599 Government

about 37,000 (1983); about 22,000 employed in agriculture

Land boundaries

1,931 km Water

515 km Water

Language

Spanish (official); Indian dialects, especially Quechua

Spanish, Nahuati (among some Indians)

Tongan, English

Samoan (Polynesian), English

Legal system

based on civil law system; progressive new constitution passed in January 1978 referendum; came into effect following the installation of a new civilian government in August 1979; legal education at four state and two private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters

3 nm

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

200 nm

rectangular/polygonal claim (12 nm for Minerva Reef)

12 nm

Literacy

84%

65%

90-95%; compulsory education for children ages 6-14

90%

Major industries

food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum

timber, tourism, light industry

Major trade partners

(1970) exports — 98% New Zealand; imports — 76% New Zealand, 7% Japan

exports (1982) — 52% US, 25% Latin America and Caribbean, 1% Japan, 1% Italy, 1% FRG; imports (1982)— 45% US, 15% Latin America and Caribbean, 12% Japan (1982)

exports — 31% FRG, 26% New Zealand, 12% US, 2% Australia; imports—30% US, 28% New Zealand, 10% Australia, 6% UK (1981)

Member of

ADB, IDA, IFC, IMF Economy

Andean Pact, ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPEC, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB. UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

ADD, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, South Pacific Forum, South Pacific Commission, UN, WHO Economy

Military budget

estimated for the fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $199 million; about 8.7% of the central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,073,000; 1,409,000 fit for military service; 93,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 39,000; 20,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

1.533 New Zealand$=US$l (February 1984) Communications

official, 47.40 sucres=US$l; market, 96.50 sucres=US$l (August 1983)

127.05 Colonial Francs Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 (December 1982) Communications

1.533 WS tala= US$1 (February 1984) Communications

National holiday

Independence Day, 10 August

Independence Day, 1 January

Nationality

noun — Cook Islanders); adjective — Cook Islander

noun — Ecuadorean(s); adjective — Ecuadorean

noun — Salvadoran(s); adjective — Salvadoran

noun — Tongan(s); adjective — Tongan

noun — Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders; adjective — Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander

noun — Western Samoan(s); adjective — Western Samoa

Official name

Cook Islands

Republic of Ecuador

Kingdom of Tonga

Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands

Independent State of Western Samoa

Organized labor

less than 15% of labor force Government

none Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 800 km; refined products, 1,358 km

Political subdivisions

20 provinces including Galapagos Islands

three districts

Population

16,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate —1.6%

9,091,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.1%

4,829,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.0%

106,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.0%

12,000 (July 1984) average annual growth rate 2.5%

162,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.9%

Ports

2 minor

3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar), 11 minor

2 minor

1 principal (Apia), 1 minor

Railroads

none

1,965 km total; all 1.067-meter gauge single track

none

Religion

Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church Government

95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing)

predominantly Roman Catholic (probably 97-98%), with activity by Protestant groups throughout the country

Christian; Free VVesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents

largely Roman Catholic Government

99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter Day Saints, Seventh Day Adventist)

Suffrage

universal adult

universal over age 18; compulsory for literates

universal adult

45 members of Legislative Assembly are elected by holders of matai (heads of family) titles (about 12,000 persons); two members are elected by universal adult suffrage of persons lacking traditional family ties

Telecommunications

6 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 7,000 radio receivers, and 1,186 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.)

domestic facilities generally adequate; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 280,000 telephones (3.3 per 100 popl.); 260 AM, 38 FM, and 23 TV stations Defense Forces

148 telephones (1.6 per 100 popl.) Defense Forces No formal defense structure; no regular armed forces

3,800 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.); 50,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station Defense Forces

Type

self-governing in "free association" with New Zealand; Cook Islands Government fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands Government

republic

overseas territory of France

constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand

Voting strength

(1983) Parliament— Cook Islands Party, 11 seats; Democratic Party, 13 seats

(January 1984 presidential results of top two contenders in runoff election scheduled for May 1984 — Rodrigo Borja of Democratic Left, 28%; Leon Febres Cordero of Social Christian Party, 27%